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| 203431042 | Paleolithic era | called the old stone age (from 10,000 to 2.5 million years ago); they were concerned with food supply; they used stone as well as bone tools; they were nomadic hunters and gatherers. | 0 | |
| 203431043 | foraging | the act of searching for food and provisions | 1 | |
| 203431044 | animistic | the belief that inanimate/natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe itself possess souls | 2 | |
| 203431045 | Neolithic revolution | This social revolution was also known as the New Stone Age where people changed from hunting and gathering food to domesticating animals and cultivating land as farmers. | 3 | |
| 203431046 | Mesopotamia | first civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers in present day Iraq; term means "land between the rivers;" located in the Fertile Crescent | 4 | |
| 203431047 | Sub-Saharan Africa | The region south of the Sahara Desert in Africa; includes some of the world's richest deposits of minerals, yet still remains one of the largest regions of undeveloped natural resources in the world. | 5 | |
| 203431048 | Indus River Valley | Chronoligcally the third urban hearth dating back to 2200 BCE., a valley in northeren Pakistan that is between the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush mountain ranges; also known as Harappan Culture (including Mohenjo-Daro) | 6 | |
| 203431049 | Yellow River | Also known as the Huang-He river. The second longest river in China and the sixth longest in the world. The majority of ancient Chinese civilizations originated in the Yellow River Valley. | 7 | |
| 203431050 | Huang He Valley | rivers in present day China; it was at the confluence of the Huang He and Wei Rivers where chronologically the fourth urban hearth was established around 1500 BCE | 8 | |
| 203431051 | Papua, New Guinea | a parliamentary democracy on the eastern half of the island of New Guinea | 9 | |
| 204078770 | Mesoamerica | This early civilization included Mexico and Central America and it was based on sedentary agriculture and the cultivation of corn and food production; chronologically the fifth urban hearth, dating to 200 BCE | 10 | |
| 204078771 | The Andes | The world's longest and second tallest mountain range. Divide Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia into three regions: a western coastal desert, a central mountain range, and an eastern rain forest. People live at altitudes approaching 15,00 ft. (4,573 mi.) life in region is extremely hard. Contain Llamas. Many inhabitants are descendants of the highly evolved Inca civilization. | 11 | |
| 204078772 | Sedentary | not migratory; settled | 12 | |
| 204078773 | Pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. | 13 | |
| 204078774 | Cultural diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another | 14 | |
| 204078775 | Polytheism | The belief in multiple gods | 15 | |
| 204078776 | Hebrew monotheism | belief in one god, Yahweh | 16 | |
| 204078777 | Patriarchal societies | The idea that the man was in charge of the family. This was the belief in almost every household in early America and remained so for many years to come | 17 | |
| 204078778 | Hittites | A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, the hittites vied with New Kingdom Egypt over Syria | 18 | |
| 204078779 | Sumerians | People who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions. | 19 | |
| 204078780 | Akkadians | this civilization included Semitic people living north of Sumeria; united city-states of Mesopotamia; first empire in history; established by Sargon the Great | 20 | |
| 204078781 | Babylonians | they extended their own empire and therefore helped bring civilization to the Middle East; Hammurabi introduced his code of law; it established rules of procedure for courts of law and regulated property rights and the duties of family members, setting harsh punishments for crimes | 21 | |
| 204078782 | Nubia | an ancient region of northeastern Africa (southern Egypt and northern Sudan) on the Nile | 22 | |
| 204078783 | compound bows | a bow and arrow that helped Mongolian horseman by enhancing their aim and efficiency | 23 | |
| 204078784 | iron weapons | The Hittites were the first ones to introduce them. They helped them win battles. | 24 | |
| 204078785 | chariots | A military advance created and used by the Assyrians and Hittites that used a two-wheeled cart pulled by horses | 25 | |
| 204078786 | ziggurats | huge temples built by the sumerians that were used as a place of worship and were the center of village life and economy | 26 | |
| 204078787 | pyramids | monumental architecture, from Ancient Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs. | 27 | |
| 204078788 | cuneiform | an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia | 28 | |
| 204078789 | hieroglyphs | pictures, characters, or symbols standing for words, ideas, or sounds; ancient Egyptians used these instead of an alphabet | 29 | |
| 204078790 | quipo | used by Andean civilizations to keep track of financial records and accounts, knots tied in cords | 30 | |
| 204078791 | "Epic of Gilgamesh" | Perhaps the oldest written story on Earth. It comes to us from ancient Sumeria and was originally written on 12 clay tablets in cuneiform script. It's about the adventures of the historical King of Uruk. | 31 |
