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| 238035045 | Kingdom of Magadha | temporary buffer zone kingdom established after the exile of Alexander the Greats armies from India. Was located in the central Ganges plains and specialized in trade and agriculture. Was one of the 13 "great countries in India during the time of decentralized rule. Very little is recorded about it, even its date of origin to date of dissolution, theorized to be 550-321 BC.. | 0 | |
| 238035046 | Chandragupta Maurya | First ruler of the Mauryan dynasty created in 320 BC, adopted Buddhism, and expanded the empire to as far as Bactria and the Punjab, created a tight strung government with a network of spies. Ruled from 320-298 BC with his advisor Kautilya, and Is said to have died from starvation by becoming Buddhist. | 1 | |
| 238035047 | Arthrashatra | a manual created by Chandragupta's advisor Kautilya on the proper utilization of economic theory and politics, waging war, building forts, and every aspect of a ruler's obligations that would ever need to be tended to. Simply speaking, the imperial owner's manual. | 2 | |
| 238035048 | Ashoka Maurya | AKA ashoka the great, he was Chandragupta's grandson, and ruled during the high point of Indian Society, which was around 270-230 BC. He expanded the empire to the entire subcontinent except the south, He was a very bureaucratic emperor and created the rock and pillar edicts. He was burdened with keeping up with his grandfather's form of government. Seen as a ruler and not a conqueror, despite having fought the battle of Kalinga. | 3 | |
| 238035049 | Kalinga | Indian province that was unconquered before Ashoka, was finally taken down during the Kalinga war, a battle so bloody that Ashoka literally converted to Buddhism from the explicit bloodshed. Put up a lot of resistance to the Muryan empire. | 4 | |
| 238035050 | Pataliputra | capital of the Magadha kingdom originally established as a fort. Occasionally served as a legislative center. | 5 | |
| 238035051 | 6. Rock and pillar edicts | The basic guidelines and policies of emperor Ashoka Maurya were crafted onto stones and natural pillars of stone scattered throughout the empire for the public to see, rather than forcing every citizen to own a copy of them. | 6 | |
| 238035052 | Kautilya | The main advisor of Chandragupta Maurya, he was also his teacher and a Brahmin. He is famous for establishing the Arthrashatra, and being a pioneer in the field of political science and economics. | 7 | |
| 238035053 | Bactcian Rule in NW India | Alexander the Great conquered India as early as 182 B.C.E.. Promoted cross-cultural interaction and exchange in North India. | 8 | |
| 238035054 | Kush | Ruled a sizeable empire. Embracing central Asia and Northern India. (1-300 C.E.) | 9 | |
| 238035055 | Gupta Dynasty | based in Maganda; advanced in math and science | 10 | |
| 238035056 | Kanishka | Prominent Kush empire (78-103 C.E.) *Silk Road | 11 | |
| 238035057 | Chandra Gupta | 1st ruler of Gupta dynasty. Established in 320 C.E. | 12 | |
| 238035058 | Samudra Gupta | Established treaties and made Maganda capital. | 13 | |
| 238035059 | Chandra Gupta II | Established Potolputra as capital, did the Sanne | 14 | |
| 238035060 | Faxian | Buddhist monk looking for Buddhist documents and said India was a prosperous land with little crime. | 15 | |
| 238035061 | White Huns | The hephalites were a central Asian nomadic confederation whose precise origins/ composition remain obscure. | 16 | |
| 238035062 | Ganges River | An Asian river; rises in the Himalayas and flows east into the Bay of Bengal. | 17 | |
| 238035063 | Mahabhrata | one of the two great Sanskirt epics of the Hindus. | 18 | |
| 238035064 | Ramayana | One of the two great sanskirt epics of the Hindus. | 19 | |
| 238035065 | Brahmins | a member of the highest Hindu caste, that of priesthood. | 20 | |
| 238035066 | Kshatriyas | A member of the second of the four great Hindu castes, consisted of warriors and aristrocrats. | 21 | |
| 238035067 | Vaishyas | A member of the four Hindu castes, comprising the merchants and farmers. | 22 | |
| 238035068 | Shudras | A member of the worker castes; lowest of the four Hindu castes; known as serfs. The fourth varna, the people in this group function to serve the other three varnas, serfs | 23 | |
| 238035069 | Jati | subcasts, these subgroups of people within each caste assumed much of the responsabilty of maintaining social order, they organized courts, resolved differences, and regulated community affairs | 24 | |
| 238035070 | Jainism | began in the seventh century BC, became popular when Vardhamana Mahavira turned to it in the sixth century, believe that everything in the universe (humans, animals, plants, air, water, and rocks) have a soul, and they can all suffer, so they must do everything in their power not to harm them, like becoming vegetarians and avoiding sudden movements. | 25 | |
| 238035071 | Vardhaman Mahavira- | the last Tirthankara, Indian sage, tenets of Jainism, was in his final birth,heavy karma believer and in the five great vows Ahimsa (nonviolence) , Satya (truthfulness), Asteya(non-stealing) , Brahmacharya(chastity), Aparigraha(non attachment) | 26 | |
| 238035072 | Ahisma | non violence, an idea of Jainism | 27 | |
| 238035073 | Siddhartha Gautama | 'buddha', 'awakened one', began the religion Buddhism | 28 | |
| 238035074 | The Buddha | Siddhartha Gautama, his teaching started the religion Buddhism | 29 | |
| 238035075 | Buddhism | religion and philosophy (sixth to fourth century BCE), people who practice this faith have a goal to escape the cycle off suffering and birth, to reach nirvana | 30 | |
| 238035076 | Four noble truths | core of Buddhist doctrine; emphasizes that all life involves suffering; desire is cause for suffering, and relinquishment of desire will bring an end to suffering | 31 | |
| 238035077 | Dharma | Hindu concept of adherence to religious and moral values, basic doctrine of Buddhism | 32 | |
| 238035078 | Nirvana | Buddhist concept o state of spiritual perfection. Enlightenment. All release of worldly desire and passion | 33 | |
| 238035079 | Stupas | shrines housing Buddhist relics as well ad first disciples. Popular to buddhist followers | 34 | |
| 238035080 | Mahayana Buddhism | the "greater vehicle" which in theory could lead more people into salvation, more metaphysical and popular branch o Buddhism. Northern regions. | 35 | |
| 238035081 | Boddhisatva | Buddhist concept regarding individuals who had reached enlightenment, however, rejected nirvana and remained to lead others into salvation | 36 | |
| 238035082 | Hinayana | the "lesser vehicle" also known as Theravada buddhism. Belief include strict individual path to enlightnement. Popular in south and SE Asia. Opposite to mahayana Buddhism | 37 | |
| 238035083 | Theravada Buddhism | same concept as aforementioned, branch seen in Ceylon, Thailand, and other parts of SE Asia | 38 | |
| 238035084 | Nalanda | Buddhists and Jadis organized monasteries, most provided education, larger communities established advanced construction. Best known Buddhist monastery was at Nalanda Founded during the Gupta dynasty in the Ganges river Valley near Patalaputra. At Nalanda they studied Buddhism and Vedas, Hindu philosophy, logic, math, astronomy, and medicine | 39 | |
| 238035085 | Hinduism | Religion of salvation to get out of reincarnation. Interests met needs of ordinary people. Draw inspiration from Vedas and Upanishads. Mostly Brahmin's. Through detachment from the world, individuals could escape the reincarnation cycle. Salvation was given to those who participated actively in the world and met caste responsibilities. They could not become personally or emotionally evolved in their actions, and they could not strive fro material rewards or recognition. Must complete duties faithfully, and concentrate on action alone. | 40 | |
| 238035086 | Krishna/Vishnu | The god-preserver of life. In the Ramayana a story about love/adventure trials faced by Prince Rama of Vishnu. Krishna is the human incarnation of Vishnu. Krishna tried to convince Arjuana to fight, by using arguments such as: the soul of enemies would not die, only their bodies, self responsibility to his people, and spiritual signifigance. | 41 | |
| 238035087 | Bhagvad Gita | Short poetic work "song of the lord." illustrates the expectation Hinduism made of individuals and the promise of salvation | 42 | |
| 238035088 | Arjuna | Kshatriya warrior about to enter battle, did not want to fight because most of his family were enemies. Krishna tried to persuade him. | 43 | |
| 238035089 | Artha | Lead an honorable life. Artha is one of the 3 ethics. Pursuit of economics, well-beings, and honest prosperity. Other 2 ethics: dhama:obedience,religious, and royal laws. Kama: enjoyment of social, physical, and sexual pleasure. All 3 ethics lead to Moshka ( salvation of the soul) | 44 | |
| 238035090 | Kama | One of the 3 ethics. Enjoyment of social, physical, and sexual pleasure | 45 | |
| 238035091 | Moshka | need Artha, Dhama, and Kama to reach Moshka. Salvation of the soul | 46 |
