Terms : Hide Images
| 120289665 | Renaissance | represents events related to the revival of European politics and economics and a cultural transition from the Middle Ages to the "modern" world | 0 | |
| 120289666 | Columbus "discovers" America | the symbolic beginning of the Age of exploration that revolutionized the European economy and began the European domination of the world | 1 | |
| 120289667 | 95 Thesis posted by Martin Luther | the symbolic beginning of the Reformation that began the shift from a European culture based on a unified Church, and all that entails, and a Europe divided by religion; it led to political and economic changes in Europe | 2 | |
| 120289668 | Council of Trent | represents that series of meeting that "saved" the Catholic Church and therefore the Church remained a viable part of European history | 3 | |
| 120289669 | Treaty of Westphalia | represents that end of the long era of religious wars, the continued political division in the german World, the end of Spanish dominance and the emergence of France as the dominate European power | 4 | |
| 120289670 | Glorious Revolution | represents the ultimate victory of Parliament over the English Monarchy making England the first constitutional government in modern history | 5 | |
| 120289671 | Great Northern War | represents Russia's emergence as the dominate power in eastern Europe and her focus on European affairs | 6 | |
| 120289672 | Seven Years' War/French and Indian War | represents two very different things: the clear emergence of Prussia in German and European affairs AND the complete domination of England/Britain as the only true colonial power left | 7 | |
| 120289673 | French Revolution | marks the beginning of the great democratic revolutions in Europe and the shift from noble/monarchial power to the bourgeoisie | 8 | |
| 120289674 | Congress of Vienna | represents the end of the French Revolution and the temporary setback for democratic revolution and the reemergence of Old Regime governments | 9 | |
| 120289675 | Saxony | German state that provided sanctuary for Martin Luther after his conflicts with the Church and the Emperor | 10 | |
| 120289676 | Versailles | site of Louis XIV's palace | 11 | |
| 120289677 | Florence | Italian city where the Renaissance began | 12 | |
| 120289678 | Amsterdam | Dutch city that had become the wealthiest port in Europe and the center of European commerce by 1700 | 13 | |
| 120289679 | Vienna | Austrian capital and the site where the post Napoleonic Wars treaty was settled | 14 | |
| 120289680 | Leipzig | city (in modern belgium) where Napoleon lost his empire...not Waterloo..this was the site of the Battle of Nations | 15 | |
| 120289681 | Utrecht | city in Flanders where the treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession was signed | 16 | |
| 120289682 | Rome | center of the Catholic church and the city that replaced Florence as the center of the Renaissance | 17 | |
| 120289683 | Mainz | place where Gutenburg developed his movable type machine (printing press) | 18 | |
| 120289684 | St. Petersburg | city on the Baltic Sea to be Russia's "window to the west" | 19 | |
| 120289685 | Gustavas Adolphus | King of Sweden who tried to enhance his power and protect Protestant interest during the 2nd phase of the Thirty Years War | 20 | |
| 120289686 | Leonardo da Vinci | known as the "universal man" because of his abilities and achievements in so many areas; probably the best known figure of the Renaissance | 21 | |
| 120289687 | Magellan | Spanish explorer whose expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the earth (he did not personally make it because he died during the voyage) | 22 | |
| 120289688 | Calvin | French/Swiss priest who turned the Protestant movement into an international phenomenon | 23 | |
| 120289689 | Bossuet | French clergyman who is the best known proponent of the "divine right" theory | 24 | |
| 120289690 | James I | Scottish king who succeeded elizabeth as ruler of England; probably best known for the English translation of the bible that he ordered | 25 | |
| 120289691 | Rousseau | Enlightenment theorist who is probably the most widely embraced theorist of revolution; his concept of the "general will" has been used to support democratic movements and modern communist movements | 26 | |
| 120289692 | Copernicus | Polish astronomer who became the most famous proponent of the helicocentric theory that became the cornerstone of the Scientific Revolution | 27 | |
| 120289693 | Voltaire | French philosophe who attacked intolerance wherever he saw it (particularly critical of the Church) | 28 | |
| 120289694 | Fredrick the Great | Great Prussian king ho challenged the supremacy of austria in the German world and helped to establish Prussia as a great power | 29 | |
| 120289695 | mercantlism | economic theory that dominated the Age of Exploration period; argued that world wealth was finite and the only way for a nation to increase its wealth was to take from others; national wealth was based on the accumulation of precious metals by exporting more than you import; colonies became a "necessary" component of this idea | 30 | |
| 120289696 | laissez-faire | theory established by enlightenment French economists and made popular by Adam Smith; argued that governments should not be involved in economic decision making | 31 | |
| 120289697 | heliocentric | theory that the sun, and not the earth, was the center of the universe | 32 | |
| 120289698 | balance of power | foreign policy most closely associated with England that called for coalitions to prevent any one power from domination Europe | 33 | |
| 120289699 | politique | term refers to the idea that religious conformity should be subordinate to national unity; Elizabeth I of England and Henry IV of France are clear proponents of this idea | 34 | |
| 120289700 | divine right | concept that a king rules "by the grace of God"; although the theory argues that the king must follow God's plan, the primary component of the theory states that the kings power cannot be questioned by his subjects | 35 | |
| 120289701 | Enlightenment Despotism | oxymoronic term that refers to absolute monarchs who rule using the natural laws of Enlightenment thought; in other words, they rule for the benefit of the citizen | 36 | |
| 120289702 | Social Contract | theory proposed by numerous Enlightenment theorists that states the relationship between the ruler and the ruled is based on an agreement in which the citizens give up some individual freedom for the security of a stable government | 37 | |
| 120289703 | natural rights/laws | concept that originated with Newton's scientific ideas about the working of the universe; the concept is that citizens have basic rights that exist in the same way that gravity exists in nature | 38 | |
| 120289704 | liberty, equality, fraternity | phrase associated with the goals of the French Revolution; the concept of individual freedom, that natural equality of all men and the unity of mankind | 39 | |
| 120289705 | The Courtier | Renaissance work that described the behavior of a Renaissance gentleman, included being well-rounded, fashionable, well educated, musical, athletic etc. (written by Castiglione) | 40 | |
| 120289706 | The Social Contract | Enlightenment work that argued that government was a necessary evil that existed to protect the general will of the citizens (written by Rousseau) | 41 | |
| 120289707 | The Prince | Renaissance work often considered the first work of practical political science; attempted to describe how politics actually worked rather than an idealistic view; "The End Justifies the Means" is often seen as the thesis of the work (written by Machiavelli) | 42 | |
| 120289708 | Wealth of Nations | Enlightenment work that has become the most famous argument for laissez-faire economics; described an economy of industrial production rather than the traditional agricultural or the Renaissance commercial view (written by Adam Smith) | 43 | |
| 120289709 | On the Rotation of Heavenly Bodies | printed aftr the death of its author because he feared retribution from the Church; became the leading argument for the heliocentric view of the universe (written by Copernicus) | 44 | |
| 120289710 | In Praise of Folly | Renaissance work that criticized the behavior of the Renaissance Church; the author was known as the "scholar of Europe" (written by Erasmus) | 45 | |
| 120289711 | Two Treaties of Government | primary source of the Declaration of Independence concepts; has been used by scholars to explain the Glorious Revolution; included the ideas of a social contract, the right of revolution and the natural rights of the citizen..."life, liberty, and property" (written by John Locke) | 46 | |
| 120289712 | Leviathan | written by an Englishman, this work argued that the power of government must be absolute in order to ensure stability (written by Hobbes) | 47 | |
| 120289713 | The Spirit of the Laws | written by a French philosophe, this work argued for a separation of governmental powers in order to prevent tyranny; became a major source for the American Constitution (written by Montesquieu) | 48 | |
| 120289714 | Utopia | English Renaissance work that described a perfect political state; was particularly critical of money, the landlord classes, and the new capitalism that was developing in England (written by Sir Thomas More) | 49 | |
| 120289715 | Oath of the Tennis Court | agreement among those who left the meeting of the Estates General in 1789 and vowed to continue to meet until they had written a constitution for France and it was approved by the king | 50 | |
| 120289716 | Bill of Rights | document created by Parliament and signed by William and Mary that guaranteed the rights of Parliament (also known as the Petition of Rights) | 51 | |
| 120289717 | 95 Thesis | document written by Martin Luther identifying issues he had with the Renaissance Church; became the symbolic beginning of the Reformation | 52 | |
| 120289718 | Edict of Nantes | royal order of henry IV of France that ended the Religious Wars and established France as a Catholic nation with the right to worship for the Huguenots | 53 | |
| 120289719 | Long Parliament | called into session by Charles I of England in 1640 after he had ruled without Parliament for 11 years; conflict between this body and Charles I led to the English Civil War | 54 | |
| 120289720 | The Fronde | the last serious noble threat to the French monarchy; following the death of Louis XIII and Richelieu and the end of the Thirty Years' War, the nobles attempted to reassert their powers against Cardinal Mazarin and the child Louis XIV | 55 | |
| 120289721 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | issued in 1789 by the National Assembly of France, this document became the symbol of the French Revolution and the rights of French citizens | 56 | |
| 120289722 | Concordat of 1801 | Napoleon's compromise with the Papacy that ended the conflict between the Church and the French government | 57 | |
| 120289723 | Diplomatic Revolution | term for the changes in European alliances between the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War; it represented French fears over the growing power of Prussia, Britain's determination to adopt a policy of balance of power, and the reality that France and Britain impacted the foreign policy of all of Europe's powers | 58 | |
| 120289724 | Continental System | Napoleon's attempt to isolate Britain from the European continent by creating a blockade that prevented British trade; failed because France could not enforce it and it led to challenges to Napoleon's settlement in Europe | 59 |
