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| 110651043 | The Mongols | Largest empire until Britain. Great horsemen and archers. | 0 | |
| 110651044 | Origins of the Mongols | Group of tribes of mixed Turks and Paleoastics. Emerged in open plains of central Asia. Originally nomadic, herded livestock. Developed a law code, written language, religious practices (Buddhism), technology, cultural borrowing from China. | 1 | |
| 110651045 | Genghis Khan and the Unification of the Mongols | 1100's- Mongol population between 1.5 and 3 million, 20 tribes. Tribes fought each other. Genghis Khan (1155) became a tribal leader and united dozens of tribes | 2 | |
| 110651046 | Mongol Success | Large armies (80,000-100,000). Talented cavalry and archers, endurance, military groups of 10, seize warfare experts (learned from China) | 3 | |
| 110651047 | Ogodei's Conquests | Ogodei (Genghis Khan's 3rd son) ruled Mongols until his death in 1241. Ododei's armies moved into almost all of Northern and Western China (1234) and Korea (1241) | 4 | |
| 110651048 | Mongols Drive Into Europe | Ogodei's nephew, Batu, had 150-200,000 troops. 1237-1240- Batu conquered most of Russia and Udraine. 1240-1242- Pushed into Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and Poland. | 5 | |
| 110651049 | Baku's Government | Golden Horde | 6 | |
| 110651050 | Mongol Empire at its Peak | Two Khans- Guyuk and Mongke. 1240s and 1250's- Mongol empire grew larger. 1252- Eastern Tibet and 1250's- Middle East- destroyed Abbasid Caliphate. Captured Mesopotamia, Turkey, Persia, Syria. From East Europe to Pacific Ocean, the Mongols imposed a single political authority, encouraged economic exchange, made travel safer, imposed legal orded, Silk Road flourished | 7 | |
| 110651051 | Break up of Mongol Empire | Last Khan- Mongke. Died in 1260 and civil war broke out between nephews and grandsons of GEnghis Khan. Empire's 4 largest units became independent states. | 8 | |
| 110651052 | Great Kahn and Yuan China | Mongolia and East territories. 1265- Khubilai (Grandson of Genghis) took over. Shifted political focus to Yuan Empire. | 9 | |
| 110651053 | Golden Horde | Russia, East Europe. Controlled Russia until mid-1400's. Control ended bu rising city-state of Moscow. | 10 | |
| 110651054 | Jagakai Khanate | Central Asia. 1370-1405- Timur rose up and conquered central Asia, Persia, North India, Middle East. Converted to Islam. | 11 | |
| 110651055 | Il-Khans | Middle East. Converted to Islam. Attacked by fellow Mongols, displaced by Ottoman Turks. | 12 | |
| 110651056 | Song Empire | After collapse of Tang Dynasty in 906, China fragmented into separate states until 1200's. Lasted until 1279, wars with Liao and Jin Empires. | 13 | |
| 110651057 | Liao Empire | 916-1121. Mongolia and Northern China. Ceramics, painting, armies (cavalry and seize craft). 1110- Song made alliance with Jurchens (neighbors). Song took over. | 14 | |
| 110651058 | Jin Empire | Formed by Jurchens, who attacked Song and Song eventually fell to Mongols. 1211- Khan attacked. | 15 | |
| 110651059 | Song Society | World's heaviest urbanized society, several cities had over 1 million people, silk road cities, trade, trading vessels (Junks), mathematics, astronomers (Su Sung Clock), Neo-Confucianism, Zen Buddhism | 16 | |
| 110651060 | Yuan Empire | 1271- Formed by Khubilai Khan. Mongol leaders adopted Buddhism, Mandarin language, rebuilt economy, restored trade (Silk Roads). After Khubilai's death and the Black Plague, econimic plague, collapse. | 17 | |
| 110651061 | Ming Empire | 1386-1644. Formed by Hung-Wu. Made alliances w/ Vietnamese states, expanded borders,. Large army and navy. Admiral Zheng He made 7 long voyages to SE Asia, Indonesia, India, Africa, Africa. Sheng He forced 50 nations and city-states to pay tribute. Populatin rebound. Confucianish and Buddhism restored, pottery, printers. Beijing transformed (capital) into forbidden city-Imperial residence, fortress, gov't complex. First European explorers arrived in Asia now. China was too large and powerful for Portuguese and Spanish to conquer. Catholic missionaries popular. | 18 | |
| 110651062 | Collapse of Ming Empire | 1600's- Rapid decline, rulers allowed decentralization and massive influx of silver (economic collapse), agricultural yields shrank, military threats from Mongolia and Manchuria. | 19 | |
| 110651063 | Qing Empire | 1644-1911. Founded by Manchus. 1644 N. China, 1683- Southern China. Brought contact with Russia. Trade regulated (Cantun) | 20 | |
| 110651064 | Qing Empire Rulers | Kanqi- 1662-1722. Qian Long- 1736-1795. | 21 | |
| 110651065 | Decline of Qing Empire | Population grew too fast in late 1700's | 22 | |
| 110651066 | Peak of Qing Dynasty | Manchu rulers conquered China from the North in 1644. Dynasty's peak had been the long reign of Kanqi (1622-1722) and emperor Qian Long (1736-1795). During last half of 1700's, Qian Long defended China's long borders, kept the empire's regions under control, improved economic growth, and sponsored art and learning. | 23 | |
| 110651067 | Internal Decline of the Qing | Several negative trends began to weaken China simultaneously after Qian Long's death. Quality of leadership declined as weak emperors took the throne. The government growth became too rapid. Discontent with government led to White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) | 24 | |
| 110651068 | Chinese Foreign Trade Before 1830's | As late as 1810's, the Chinese had the upper hand in their relationship with the West. Too strong to conquer, advantage in trade balance. Sold silks, porcelain, wire, and tea to West. West paid China bast amounts of silver bullion. | 25 | |
| 110651069 | Opium Trade | In 1820's and 1830's, British began to fold China with opium. Became drug of choice for Chinese of all classes, 10-15% of population addicted. Britain dominated business, controlling 80% of opium trade. | 26 | |
| 110651070 | First Opium War | Qing government tried to strike back by arresting dealers, seizing opium supplies, and intercepting boats carrying the drug. Chinese navy blocaded Canton, one of few ports connected to foreign traders, which sparked First Opuim War (1839-1842), between Britain and China. Britain won easily and formed Treaty of Nanking. | 27 | |
| 110651071 | Treaty of Nanking | Result of First Opium War. Required Qing government to open five more ports to foreign trade, lower tariffs on British goods, and grant extraterritorial rights to areas in China where the Britis lived and worked. | 28 | |
| 110651072 | Second Opium War | Arrow War. Treaties arrived at from 1858-1860 made opium trade legal, opened more ports to foreign trade, and granted greater powers to the Portuguese, French, British, Americans, and Russains. By 1898, foreign vessels were allowed unrestricted travel up Chinese rivers | 29 | |
| 110651073 | Taiping Rebellion | 1850-1864. Costliest and most devastating civil war in history. Claimed 20-30 million lives, making it the 2nd deadliest war in history. Uprising started by Hong Xiuquan, Cantonese clerk. Convinced he was Jesus Christ's brother, destined to establish a "Heavenly Kingdom of Supreme Peace" (Taiping). Hong's vision of a new China proved appealing to millions of ordinary Chinese who resented Qing's high taxes, oppressive rule, and the fact that the Manchu emperors were foreign rulers dominating their Chinese subjects. 1853- Taiping rebels captured major city of Nanjing. At their peak, Hong and the Taiping leaders controlled 1/3 of China. Rebellion left China in ruins | 30 | |
| 110651074 | Leadership of Dowager Princess Cixi | Ruled China from 1878-1908 (death). Qing rule became more oppressive. China's outlying possesions (Tibet, Gobi Desert, Mongolia, Chinese Turkestan) began to slip away and gain greater autonomy pr fall into foreign hands | 31 | |
| 110651075 | Sino-Japanese War | Japan defeated China. 1894-1895. | 32 | |
| 110651076 | Open Door Policy | 1898, U.S. arranged for all Western nations to have equal access to Chinese markets | 33 | |
| 110651077 | Missionaries in China | From late 1800's through 1900's. More and more common for Protestant and Catholic clergy and volunteers to travel from Europe and U.S. to China to spread Christianity and teach Western languages. Missionaries also brought scientific and technological knowledge and treated diseases and ailments with modern medicine. | 34 | |
| 110651078 | Boxer Rebellion | 1900. Many rebels were Chinese martial art experts. Rebels' rage was directed at foreigners in Beijing. Put down by mainly foreign troops. | 35 | |
| 110696358 | Sun Yat-Sen | 1866-1925. Father of modern China. United a number of opposition groups into Revolutionary Alliance. Hoped to carry out a government takeover that would progress from military revolt to formation of a constitutional democracy. Movement founded of People's Principals | 36 | |
| 110696359 | People's Principals | Nationalism, Democracy, People's Livelihood | 37 | |
| 110696360 | Collapse of Qing and Establishment of Chinese Republic | Founded 1912. Sun-Yat Sen- President. Nationalist Party- Politician brought to office by popular action. 1949- Republic destroyed, replaced by communist government | 38 | |
| 110696361 | Heian Japan | 794-1185. Ruled by Fujiwara Clan. Started capital in Heian (Kyoto), noble clan power. Peaceful, prosperous. Painting, literature, Buddhism, writing. 1100's- Warrior clans fought each other. Civil War- Taira and Minamote clans. 1160- Minamoto won. New government- Shogunate | 39 | |
| 110696362 | Samurai Class | 1185- Feudalism pd. begins. Shogun (general) ruled. 1185-1333 Kamakura Shogunate. Below Shoguns- Daimyo (warlords, nobles). Kaimyo came from Samurai. Code- Bishido. Violation of Bishido led to Seppuku- Ritual Suicide | 40 | |
| 110696363 | Tokugawa Shogunate in 1700's | In 1750's, Japan was ruled by Tokugawa clan, which had seized control of the country at the beginning of the 1600's. Strong, dynamic rulers. Centralized Japan and transformed it from constant wars to peace | 41 | |
| 110696364 | Partial Modernization in Tokugawa | Population growth was steady. Edo-population of over a million.Agriculture practice was rationalized, allowing fewer people to grow more food. More important- Trade, commerce, manufacturing | 42 | |
| 110696365 | Dilemma of Partial Modernization | REgime allowed some modernization, but not total capability. | 43 | |
| 110696366 | Commodore Perry and Opening of Japan | 1853- Matthey Perry asked Japan to open its economy to foreign trade. Shogun agree | 44 | |
| 110696367 | Overthrow of Tokugawa Shugunate | Samurai leaders, particularly from southern provinces of Satsuma and Shoshu, urged the shogun to take a hard line with the foreigners and stand up. Sat-Cho Alliance pressed for severance of all ties with West. Moves against the last shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinuobu. Young emperor Meiji, who ascended the throne in 1867, became the first emperor in 1000 years to have full imperial powers | 45 | |
| 110696368 | Meiji Restoration | The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism. | 46 | |
| 110696369 | From Feudalism to Constitutional Monarchy | 1871- Goal was to abolish feudalism. Civil Code of 1898. Constitution of 1890 provided for the creation of an elected parliament, The Diet. Emperor had much power over the Diet | 47 | |
| 110696370 | Industrialization and Economic Modernization | Ministry of Industry in 1870, as well as state bands to give financial backing to his industrialization campaign. Corporations called ZAIBATSU, sponsored largely by the state, came to dominate much of economy. Japan traded tea, silk, weaponry, ships, and sake | 48 | |
| 110696371 | Social and Class Transformation in Japan | The covil service, based on an examination system, grew from 29,000 in 1890 to 72,000 in 1908. Japanese industrialization increased the size and power of the merchant and middle classes. The farming population decreased, but taxes on them increased considerably. Industrial working class grew steadily. 1872- Funded education | 49 | |
| 110696372 | Japanese Militarism and Imperialism | Japan became militaristic. 1876, Japan forced Korean ports open to trade. 1879, took the Ryukyu island chain from China. Throughout the 1880's and eatly 1890's, Japan intensified its military buildup, constructing a steamship navy and drafting a well-equipped and trained army. 1894, China and Japan went to war, Japan won. Afterward, Japan occupied Korea and seized Taiwan. | 50 | |
| 110696373 | Russo-Japanese War | 1904-1905. Competition over influence in Manchuria | 51 |
