Chapter 27 Vocabulary APWH
Terms : Hide Images
| 57951180 | Anarchists | political groups seeking abolition of all formal government; formed in many parts of Europe and the Americas in the late 19th and early 20th century; particularly prevalent in Russia, opposing tsarist autocracy and becoming a terrorist movement responsible for assassination of Alexander II in 1881. | 0 | |
| 57951181 | Bolsheviks | literally, the majority party; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by V.I Lenin and dedicated to his concept of social revolution; established French Empire under his rule; defeated and deposed in 1815. | 1 | |
| 57951182 | Crimean War | Fought between 1854 and 1856 began as Russian attempt to attack Ottoman Empire; Russia opposed by France and Britain as well; resulted in Russian defeat in the face of Western industrial technology; led to Russian reforms under Tsar Alexander II. | 2 | |
| 57951183 | Decembrist uprising | Political revolt in Russia in 1825; led by middle-level army officers who advocated reforms; put down by Tsar Nicholas I. | 3 | |
| 57951184 | Diet | Japanese parliament established as part of the new constitution of 1889; part of Meiji reforms; could pass laws and approve budgets; able to advise government, but not to control it. | 4 | |
| 57951185 | Duma | national parliament created in Russia in the aftermath of the revolution of 1905; progressively stripped of power during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II; failed to forestall further revolution. | 5 | |
| 57951186 | Dutch Studies | group of Japanese scholars interested in implications of Western science and technology beginning in 17th century; urged freer exchange with the West; based studies on few Dutch texts available in Japan. | 6 | |
| 57951187 | emancipation of the serfs | Tsar Alexander II ended rigorous serfdom in Russia in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy for land. | 7 | |
| 57951188 | Holy Alliance | Alliance among Russia, Prussia and Austria in defense of religion and the established order; formed at Congress of Vienna by most conservative monarchies of Europe. | 8 | |
| 57951189 | Intelligentsia | Russian term denoting articulate intellectuals as a class; 19th century group of radical change in Russian political and social system; often wished to maintain Russian culture distinct from that of the West. | 9 | |
| 57951190 | Kulaks | Agricultural entrepreneurs who utilized the Stolypin and later NEP reforms to increase agricultural production and buy additional land. | 10 | |
| 57951191 | Matthew Perry | American commodore who visited Edo Bay with American fleet in 1853; insisted on opening ports to American trade on threat of naval bombardment; won rights for American trade with Japan in 1854. | 11 | |
| 57951192 | Russo-Japanese War | War between Japan and Russia over territory in Manchuria; Japan defeated the Russians, largely because of it's naval power; Japan annexed Korea in 1910 as a result of military dominance. | 12 | |
| 57951193 | Sino-Japanese War | War fought between Japan and Qing China; resulted in Japanese victory; frustrated Japanese imperial aims because of Western insistence that Japan withdraw from Liaodong peninsula. | 13 | |
| 57951194 | Stolypin reforms | Reforms introduced by the Russian interior minister Piotyr Stolypin intended to placate the peasantry in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905; included reduction in redemption payments, attempt to create market-oriented peasantry. | 14 | |
| 57951195 | Terakoya | commoner schools founded during the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan to teach reading, writing and the rudimentso f Confucianism; resulted in high literacy rate approaching 40%, of Japanese males. | 15 | |
| 57951196 | trans-Siberian railroad | Constructed in 1870s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; completed by the end of the 1880s; brought Russia into a more active Asian role. | 16 | |
| 57951197 | Vladamir Ilyich Ulyanov | was the Communist Russian revolutionary who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolshevik Party, he was Head of State of the USSR during its initial years (1917-24), during which the Bolsheviks fought the Russian Civil War (1917-24) whilst establishing a socialist economic system in a semi-feudal country. | 17 | |
| 57951198 | yellow peril | Western term for perceived threat of Japanese imperialism around 1900; met by increased Western imperialism in region. | 18 | |
| 57951199 | Zaibatsu | Huge industrial combines created in Japan in the 1890s as part of the process of industrialization. | 19 | |
| 57951200 | Zemstvoes | Local political councils created as part of reforms of Tsar Alexander II; gave some Russians, some experience in government; councils had no impact on national policy. | 20 |
