Ottomans, Mehmet II, Janissaries, Vizier, Safavid dynasty, Isma'il; Chaldiran; Abbas the Great; Imams; Mullahs; Mughal dyansty; babur; Akbar; din-i-Ilahi; Taj Mahal; Shah; Juizya; Marattas; Sikhs
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| 51978507 | Ottomans | Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s, conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most Arab world. | 0 | |
| 51978508 | Mehmed II | Ottoma sultan called the "conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. | 1 | |
| 51978509 | Janissaries | Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after 15th century. | 2 | |
| 51978510 | Vizier | Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 5th century often more powerful than sultan. | 3 | |
| 51978511 | Safavid dynasty | Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism ; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722. | 4 | |
| 51978512 | Isma'il | Sufi commander who conquered city of Tabriz in 1501; first Safavid to be proclaimed shah or emperor. | 5 | |
| 51978513 | Chaldiran | Sit of battle between Safavids and Ottomans; checked western advance of Safavid Empire. | 6 | |
| 51978514 | Abbas the Great | Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology. | 7 | |
| 51978515 | Imams | According to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from the successors of Alli. | 8 | |
| 51978516 | Mullahs | Local mosque officials and prayer leaders within the Safavid Empire; agents of Afavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'ism. | 9 | |
| 51978517 | Mughal dyansty | Established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur. but there is little indication of many Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century. | 10 | |
| 51978518 | Babur | Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1536; died 1530 | 11 | |
| 51978519 | Akbar | Son and successor of Humayan; oversaw building of military and administrative systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India; pursued policy of cooperation with Hindu princes; attempted to create new religion to bind Muslim and Hindu populations of India. | 12 | |
| 51978520 | din-i-Ilahi | Rligion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India, but failed. | 13 | |
| 51978521 | Taj Mahal | Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mauntaz Mahal. | 14 | |
| 51978522 | Shah | An ancient Persian term for king reintroduced in the early 1500s during the expansion of safavid empire | 15 | |
| 51978523 | Jizya | Head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories | 16 | |
| 51978524 | Marattas | western Indian peoples who rebelled against Mughal control early in the 18th century | 17 | |
| 51978525 | Sikhs | sect in northwestern India; early leaders tried to bridge differences between Hindu and Muslim, but Mughal persecution led to an anti-Muslim feeling | 18 |
