Terms : Hide Images
| 271321246 | absolute monarchy | a system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power | 0 | |
| 271321248 | agrarian | relating to rural matters | 1 | |
| 271321250 | atheist | someone who denies the existence of god | 2 | |
| 271321252 | capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership of capital | 3 | |
| 271321253 | circumnavigate | travel around, either by plane or ship | 4 | |
| 271321255 | commonwealth | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 5 | |
| 271321257 | continuity | the property of a continuous and connected period of time | 6 | |
| 271321259 | convent | ... | 7 | |
| 271321261 | deists | Believed in a God who had created a perfect universe and then allowed it to operate according to Natural Laws | 8 | |
| 271321263 | demography | the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations | 9 | |
| 271321265 | divine right | monarch's supposed God-given right: the belief that the monarch's authority comes directly from God rather than from the people | 10 | |
| 271321267 | hedonism | an ethical system that evaluates the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good | 11 | |
| 271321269 | hinder | hinder or prevent the progress or accomplishment of | 12 | |
| 271321271 | humanism | the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason, the cultural movement of the Renaissance | 13 | |
| 271321273 | jurisdiction | (law) the right and power to interpret and apply the law | 14 | |
| 271321274 | left-wing | those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare | 15 | |
| 271321276 | mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | 16 | |
| 271321278 | monastic | a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work, related to monks or monasteries; removed from worldly concerns | 17 | |
| 271321280 | monopoly | (economics) a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller | 18 | |
| 271321282 | morality | concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong | 19 | |
| 271321284 | papacy | the government of the Roman Catholic Church | 20 | |
| 271321286 | papal | proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles | 21 | |
| 271321288 | patriarch | the male head of family or tribe | 22 | |
| 271321290 | parliament | the lawmaking body of British government | 23 | |
| 271321292 | right-wing | those who support political or social or economic conservatism | 24 | |
| 271321294 | salvation | (Christianity) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil | 25 | |
| 271321296 | sanctioned | established by authority | 26 | |
| 271321297 | satire | witty language used to convey insults or scorn | 27 | |
| 271321299 | subsistence | a means of surviving, the state of existing in reality | 28 | |
| 271321301 | urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban | 29 | |
| 271321303 | Utopia | a book by Sir Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island | 30 | |
| 271321305 | venerate | regard with feelings of respect and reverence | 31 | |
| 271321307 | vernacular | being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | 32 | |
| 271321309 | Age of Reason | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions | 33 | |
| 271321311 | Akbar | ... | 34 | |
| 271321313 | Batavia, Indonesia | Fort established in 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta | 35 | |
| 271321315 | John Calvin | ... | 36 | |
| 271321317 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans | 37 | |
| 271321318 | Counter Reformation | the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected) | 38 | |
| 271321319 | Dutch East India Company | ... | 39 | |
| 271321320 | British East India Company | ... | 40 | |
| 271321321 | Eastern Orthodox | The Christian religion of the Byzantine Empire in the middle east that formed from Christianity's schism between the remains of the western and eastern Roman Empire. The Christian church ruled by the Byzantine emperor and the patriarchs of various historically significant Christian centers/cities. | 41 | |
| 271321322 | Edict of Nantes | This was the document published by Henry IV that granted liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship to the Huguenots | 42 | |
| 271321323 | Edict of Fountainbleu | ... | 43 | |
| 271321324 | Elizabeth I | Queen of England from 1558 to 1603 | 44 | |
| 271321325 | Encomienda System | system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills. | 45 | |
| 271321326 | English Bill of Rights | King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. | 46 | |
| 271321327 | Floating Empires | Eager to eliminate Muslim middlemen and find more efficient trade routes, the Portuguese and the Spanish set out to sea (nicknamed "floating empires"); they soon controlled many major shipping routes | 47 | |
| 271321328 | Hacienda System | ... | 48 | |
| 271321329 | Hapsburg Spain | - Attitude: Nobility shouldn't work - Spanish Armada was lost - Revolts, Charles V was the king of | 49 | |
| 271321330 | Henry VIII | English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval) | 50 | |
| 271321331 | Heliocentric Theory | the theory that the sun is at the center of the universe | 51 | |
| 271321332 | Holy Roman Empire | the lands ruled by Charlemagne | 52 | |
| 271321333 | Huguenots | a French Calvinist of the 16th or 17th centuries | 53 | |
| 271321334 | Inquistion | A church court set up to try people accused of heresy | 54 | |
| 271321335 | Jannissaries | Christian boys raised as muslims organised into elite military units who obeyed the government | 55 | |
| 271321336 | Jesuit Order | a Roman Catholic order founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 to defend Catholicism against the Reformation and to do missionary work among the heathen | 56 | |
| 271321337 | Martin Luther | German theologian who led the Reformation | 57 | |
| 271321338 | Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715) | 58 | |
| 271321339 | Manchu China (Qing) | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries | 59 | |
| 271321340 | Peter the Great | czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government | 60 | |
| 271321341 | Phillip II | King of Spain, 1556 - 1598; married to Queen Mary I of England;he was the most powerful monarch in Europe until 1588; controlled Spain, the Netherlands, the Spanish colonies in the New World, Portugal, Brazil, parts of Africa, parts of India, and the East Indies. | 61 | |
| 271321342 | Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 62 | |
| 271321343 | Roman Catholic Church | This powerful religion exerted considerable control over European society during the Middle Ages. It prompted some to challenge its doctrines during the protestant Reformation where it began losing power. | 63 | |
| 271321344 | Scientific Revolution | ... | 64 | |
| 271321345 | Shogun | a hereditary military dictator of Japan | 65 | |
| 271321346 | Suleiman | Known as the Lawgiver or Magnificent, this man was the greatest leader of the Turkish empire of the Middle east | 66 | |
| 271321347 | Thirty Years War | (1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. | 67 | |
| 271321348 | Tokugawa Bakufu System | a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which now is called Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle from 1603 until 1868, when it was abolished during the Meiji Restoration. | 68 | |
| 271321349 | Treaty of Westphalia | ... | 69 | |
| 271321350 | The Vatican | the palace in Rome in which the Pope lives; the control center of the Roman Catholic Church | 70 | |
| 271321351 | Zheng He | ... | 71 | |
| 271321352 | Johannes Gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) | 72 | |
| 271321353 | Medici | A family of skilled politicians and patrons of the arts who lived in Florence, Italy, during the Renaissance. | 73 | |
| 271321354 | Leonardo da Vinci | Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect | 74 | |
| 271321355 | Donatello | Florentine sculptor famous for his lifelike sculptures (1386-1466) | 75 | |
| 271321356 | Michelangelo | Florentine sculptor and painter and architect | 76 | |
| 271321357 | Brunelleschi | Florentine architect who was the first great architect of the Italian Renaissance (1377-1446) | 77 | |
| 271321358 | Machiavelli | a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527) | 78 | |
| 271321359 | Erasmus | Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe | 79 | |
| 271321360 | Pope Leo X | This was the pope that used the sale of indulgences to rebuild a basilica and he was also the pope who challenged Martin Luther | 80 | |
| 271321361 | Sir Isaac Newton | This scientist was an English mathematician and physicist who devised principles to explain universal gravitation, that all matter attracts other matter. | 81 | |
| 271321362 | Galileo | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars | 82 | |
| 271321363 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543) | 83 | |
| 271321364 | John Locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) | 84 | |
| 271321365 | Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) | 85 | |
| 271321366 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | ... | 86 | |
| 271321367 | Vasco de Gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 87 | |
| 271321368 | Amerigo Vespucci | The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him | 88 | |
| 271321369 | Ponce de Leon | ... | 89 | |
| 271321370 | Vasco de Balboa | ... | 90 | |
| 271321371 | Ferdinand Magellan | (1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. | 91 | |
| 271321372 | John Cabot | Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498) | 92 | |
| 271321373 | Giovanni de Verrazano | Italian navigator, who was commissioned by France to find a Northwest Passage leading through the Americas to Asia; explored part of North America's eastern coast, including New York harbor (France) | 93 | |
| 271321374 | Sir Francis Drake | English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596) | 94 | |
| 271321375 | Henry Hudson | Discovered what today is known as the Hudson River. Sailed for the Dutch even though he was originally from England. He was looking for a northwest passage through North America. | 95 | |
| 271321376 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) | 96 | |
| 271321377 | Montezuma | Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors | 97 | |
| 271321378 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | 98 | |
| 271321379 | joint-stock company | A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. | 99 | |
| 271321380 | Muscovy Company | chartered in 1555; the first major joint stock company; an English joint-stock company the monopolized trade routes to Russia until 1698 | 100 | |
| 271321381 | Age of Exploration | ... | 101 | |
| 271321382 | Glorious Revolution | the revolution against James II | 102 | |
| 271321383 | Oliver Cromwell | English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658) | 103 | |
| 271321384 | War of Spanish Succession | This was the war between France and Spain in order to unite the two states under one ruler, Phillip V | 104 | |
| 271321385 | Michael Romanov | The new "Tsar" of Russia after Ivan, he ended the Time of Troubles | 105 | |
| 271321386 | Cossacks | a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill | 106 | |
| 271321387 | Ivan IV | the first czar of Russia (1530-1584) | 107 | |
| 271321388 | Selim I | The great sultan who conquered Egypt, Jerusalem, and Arabia, grandson of Mehmet II; became Sultan after the death of Mehmet II; under his watch the reconstruction of Istanbul began; built Topkapi palace; well educated; wrote poetry; defeated the Persians and captured Western Arabia including Mecca and Medina; successfully attacked the Persians; invaded Egypt because it was a fertile bread basket; lost a family heirloom in the Nile river; deposed the last Abbasid caliph and forced him to go into exile | 108 | |
| 271321389 | Babur | brilliant general who laid the foundation for the Mughal Empire | 109 | |
| 271321390 | Mughal Empire | ... | 110 | |
| 271321391 | Osman Bey | Founder of Ottoman Empire. | 111 | |
| 271321392 | bey | the governor of a district or province in the Ottoman Empire | 112 | |
| 271321393 | Shah Jahan | Mogul emperor of India during whose reign the finest monuments of Mogul architecture were built (including the Taj Mahal at Agra) (1592-1666) | 113 | |
| 271321394 | Kangxi | ... | 114 | |
| 271321395 | Qianlong | ... | 115 | |
| 271321396 | Edo period | ... | 116 |
