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| 286913673 | Huguenots | French Protestants. The Edict of Nantes (1598) freed them from persecution in France, but when that was revoked in the late 1700s, hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled to other countries, including America. | 0 | |
| 286913674 | Edict of Nantes | 1598, decree promulgated at Nantes by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion; the edict defined the rights of the French Protestants | 1 | |
| 286913675 | Thirty Years Wars | (1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. | 2 | |
| 286913676 | Peace of Westphalia | Treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War (1648) and readjusted the religious and political affairs of Europe. | 3 | |
| 286913677 | Catholic Counter Reformation | The movement in the 16th century within the Catholic church to reform itself as a result of the Protestant Reformation. | 4 | |
| 286913678 | Council of Trent | an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Reformation | 5 | |
| 286913679 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 6 | |
| 286913680 | Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 7 | |
| 286913681 | Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 8 | |
| 286913682 | King Henry VIII | Founder of the church in England and ruled England from 1509-1547. He broke the Catholic church because he couldn't get a divorce | 9 | |
| 286913683 | John Calvin | Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564) | 10 | |
| 286913684 | Predestination | the belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power | 11 | |
| 286913685 | Locke | Offered principles for constructing a constitutional government ( Social Contract Theory) | 12 | |
| 286913686 | Voltaire | Wrote Philosophic Letters on the English & Treatise on Toleration. He admired the English freedom of the press, and religous toleration. He criticized France because of its royal absolutism and lack of freedom of thought. | 13 | |
| 286913687 | Rousseau | French philosopher from 1712-1778 who believed that people are naturally good, but are corrupted by society | 14 | |
| 286913688 | Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection | 15 | |
| 286913689 | Marx | founder of modern communism | 16 | |
| 286913690 | Freud | Applied Scientific techniques to the operation of the human mind and emotion changed human condition | 17 | |
| 286913691 | Scientific Revolution | the era of scientific thought in europe during which careful observation of the natural world was made, and accepted beliefs were questioned | 18 | |
| 286913692 | Enlightenment | The intellectual revolution of the eighteenth century in which the philosophes stressed reason, natural law, and progress in their criticism of prevailing social injustices. | 19 |
