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| Renaissance began in Northern Italy | ||
| Columbus began exploration of the "New World" | ||
| Luther began the Protestant Reformation | ||
| High Renaissance at its peak in Italy | ||
| Power shifted from Mediterranean to Atlantic Countries | ||
| England defeated Phillip II's Spanish Armada | ||
| Galileo and other astronomers challenged Geometric worldview | ||
| English Civil War: Cromwell's Puritans defeated the Stuarts. | ||
| Treaty of Westphalia ended the 30 years war | ||
| Scientific Revolution: Newton and Locke found "Natural Laws" | ||
| Glorious Revolution created England's Constitutional Monarchy | ||
| Enlightenment "philosophies" spread modern ideas | ||
| Absolute Monarchy symbolized by Louis XIV at Versailles | ||
| Power shifted to England after treaty of Urtrecht | ||
| Fredrick the Great attacked Austria | ||
| French Revolution began with the attack on Bastille | ||
| Robespierre led the Reign of Terror in France | ||
| Congress of Vienna followed the defeat of Napoleon | ||
| Industrial Revolution began in England | ||
| Karl Marx argued for Socialism as revolutions swept Europe | ||
| Czar Alexander II freed the Russian Serfs | ||
| Nationalism: Italy and Germany unified into modern Nations | ||
| British Empire dominated the age of imperialism | ||
| Czar Nicholas II forced to set up Duma | ||
| World War I: The old Monarchies swept away | ||
| Russian Revolution won by Lenin's Bolsheviks | ||
| Treaty of Versailles ended WWI and helped cause WWII | ||
| Great Depression weakened democracies and promoted Dictators | ||
| World War II destroyed Europe and let russia expand | ||
| Cold War: U.S. and Russia struggled to dominate world power | ||
| Prauge Spring: Czech effort to throw Communism crushed | ||
| Solidarity movement in Poland overthrew Communism | ||
| Maastricht treaty created European Union |
