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| 291969809 | Mesopotamia | -land of villages and cities -groups of farming families banded together to protect each other -found new city: Babylon -classes: free landowning, dependent farmers and artisans, slaves -women lost social standing and freedom, could own property and manage money -had zigurrats, amulets to protect from evil (believed in magic) -cuneiform writing -craftsmen made bronze -early forces were nonprofessional militias -base 60 number system | 1 | |
| 291969810 | Egypt | -gift of the Nile -farming villages relied on domesticated plants and animals -lacked real cities, large percentage lived in rural villages -found Thebes, Memphis capital of Old Kingdom -pharaohs were central figures -social classes: king and high-ranks, officials priests artisans and local leaders, peasants -women could own property and inherit, depicted w/ dignity and affection -used pyramids for burial -believed in gods -mummies -hieroglyphics: wrote on papyrus w/ ink -low level officials were assigned to villages -anatomy, mathematics, calender from observation of stars | 2 | |
| 291969811 | Indus Valley Civilization | -fertile floodplain -farmers plant and harvest twice a year -Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (large, great cities) -society produced major urban centers -uniformity of mud bricks and grid layout of cities suggests central planning and a strong central gov -system of writing indecipherable to us -streets laid out in rectangular grid | 3 | |
| 291969812 | Nubia | -only continuously inhabited territory connecting sub-saharan African lands -called "Kush" by Egyptians -settled life based on grain agriculture and cattle herding -Meroe was capital in south -kings resided in Memphis (old kingdom capital) -God's wife of Amon resides at Thebes (new kingdom capital) -high ranking officials -children from elite families were brought to the royal court -women of the royal family played a major role in politics -Amon: chief Egyptian god w/ a Nubian ram deity -hieroglyphics gave way to an undeciphered set of symbols -served as archers in the Egyptian armed forces | 4 |
