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| 293980112 | Charles I (Charles V in Holy Roman Empire). | Hapsburg dynasty in Spain. 40 year rule in which constant war with France. Called the Diet of Worms. Conquered North American colonies. Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella. Retired to monastery. Representative Assembly- Cortes. | 0 | |
| 293980113 | Phillip II | Spanish ruler in Hapsburg dynasty. Used the Inquisition. Lost the Netherlands. Spanish Armada defeated by the English in his reign. Centralized govt. Married to Mary Tudor. Had 6 wives. His son tried to kill him. | 1 | |
| 293980114 | Elizabeth 1 | English ruler part of the Tudor dynasty. Strongest Tudor ruler. Restored the Church of England.Made England a major sea power-fought against the Spanish Armada. Literature flourished. Ruled without a husband. Refused to marry Phillip II. Built poor houses, hospitals, and orphanage. | 2 | |
| 293980115 | Henry IV | French ruler. First Bourbon. Converted to Catholicism to rule and avoid criticism/conflict. "Paris is worth a mass." Developed commerce and industry. Set up Edict of Nantes(not enforced in Paris). Improved tax system and bureacracy. Assassinated. Rebuilt infrastructure- roads,bridges. | 3 | |
| 293980116 | Louis XIII | French ruler in the Bourbon dynasty. Ruled at age 9. Appointed Cardinal Rushelieu who ruled with his mother, Marie de Medici. Persecuted Huguenots. Set aside Edict of Nantes. Made France the greatest European power. Overseas colonies bring mercantilism to importance(embraced it) | 4 | |
| 293980117 | Louis XIV | French Ruler in Bourbon dynasty.Appointed intendants- king's agents for taxes and rulers. Inherited the throne at 4. Ruled for 72 years. Adviser was Mazarin the first. Sun King-greatest example of an absolute monarch. Waged war constantly therefore needed more money. Built Versailles. Good advisers, especially Jean Colbert who used mercantilism policies. | 5 | |
| 293980118 | Peter the Great | Russian ruler part of the Romanov dynasty. Made the foundation for modern Russia. Brought westernization. Traveled Europe to pick up western ideas. Established new capital at St. Petersburg-window to the world/ the west. Gained seaports on the Baltic. Set up schools, gave women more rights, cut down power of Boyars(Russian nobles) and took power from them. Many peasants forced into serfdom under his rule. | 6 | |
| 293980119 | Catherine the Great | Russian ruler part of the Romanov dynasty.German princess, married Peter's grandson. Speculation that she plotted against husband and killed him to rule. Had great intentions but mot of them were never carried out. ex:freedom for the serfs and free land. Expanded Russia greatly to the west. Helped divide Poland and Austria. Went to war with the Turks to gain ports on the Black Sea. | 7 | |
| 293980120 | Frederick II | Prussian ruler part of the Hohenzollern dynasty. "I am the servant of the state" Tolerated many religions. Encouraged learning and culture. Believed in fair laws for everyone. Made Prussia the greatest power in Europe. Tried to take (got Silesia which was rich in Iron)Austria in a war against Maria Theresa and won. Shared power with the Junker class and got support from them. | 8 | |
| 293980121 | Maria Theresa | Austrian ruler part of the Hapsburg dynasty. Pragmatic sanction. Convinced nobles to pay for taxes. Wanted to model her govt. after Prussian govt. Could not force Frederick II out of SilesiaTook part in dividing/partitioning Poland. Mother of Marie Antoinette. | 9 | |
| 293980122 | 30 years war | Religious war between Catholics and Protestants. Mostly in Holy Roman Empire. Disaster for HRE. | 10 | |
| 293980123 | Treaty of Westphalia | Ended the 30 year war. Independence for German states. France gets Alsace Lorraine. | 11 | |
| 293980124 | War of Austrian Succession | Frederick II tried to take territory from Maria Theresa and succeeded. Got Silesia, full of iron. Maria Theresa got to keep the throne. Prussia was recognized as a separate nation. | 12 | |
| 293980125 | Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle | Ended War of Austrian Succession | 13 | |
| 293980126 | War of Spanish Succession | Heir to the throne of Spain was grandson to Louis the 14th. Who vas going to succeed the throne? | 14 | |
| 293980127 | Treaty of Utrecht | Ended war of Spanish Succession. Enland got Gibraltar. (access to the Mediterranean) France gave up territory in Canada and Nova Scotia | 15 |
