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| 302055000 | Why Exploration? | Money (to earn capital) Markets (to trade with) Cash Crops Glory Natural Resources Spread Religion during the Protestant Reformation - Portugal greatly wanted exploration because their land was arid, they had little money and no cash crops. | 0 | |
| 302055001 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Not an actual explorer, went as far as Morocco Financed a navigation school | 1 | |
| 302055002 | Bartolomew Dias | Explorer who traveled around the cape of Good Hope (Africa), ended up in the Indian Ocean | 2 | |
| 302055003 | Vasco De Gama | Travels to India, brought no goods that the Indians were interested in. Brought back cloves, black pepper, cinnamon Returned with less than half of his crew | 3 | |
| 302055004 | Christopher Columbus (of Genoa) | Explorer for Spain's Ferdinand and Isabella Set out to go West but traveled East. At this point, it was accepted that the world was round No one was willing to invest with him, Spain gave him three old ships the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria (paid for by Itallian merchants). Ferdinand and Isabella only sponsored him Took four journeys to the New World Believed he was in India (what he was looking for) Used astrolabe (measures lattitude, not longitude) | 4 | |
| 302055005 | Columbian Exchange | Columbus took back with him potatoes, tomatoes, etc. | 5 | |
| 302055006 | Magellan | Circumnavigates the globe Claims the Phillippines for the Spanish King Phillip II | 6 | |
| 302055007 | Captain James Cook (England) | Explores Austrailia, New Zealand, New Caledonia Finds Aborigines (native people) | 7 | |
| 302055008 | Joint Stock Companies | Expensive to finance, so you team up and split the cost Dutch East India COmpany Dutch West India Company English East India Company | 8 | |
| 302055009 | Martin Luther | (monk) Who criticized the church by writing the 95 theses. Happens at the perfect time, when Johann Gutenberg's printing press took off (able to print 95 theses in large quantities) | 9 | |
| 302055010 | Luther's Problems with the Church | Sale of Indulgences (began with the Crusades) - Wealthy get off with doing more (not fair) - Nobles could sin greatly then buy their way out Issues with German Bishop, Tetzel (came on horseback to towns and collected indulgences) - Peddling God's forgiveness? WRONG Money collected at mass - Money went to Rome, not the needy 5 of the 7 sacraments not necessary - No need for confirmation, reconciliation, last rites, holy orders - Wanted baptism in adulthood Translated the bible into German | 10 | |
| 302055011 | Council of Trent | (1545-1563) Catholic Church agrees to make changes, needed to become more moral. Priests were getting jobs because of who they knew, formed seminaries to train priests. | 11 | |
| 302055012 | Ignatius of Loyola | Spanish soldier who lost a leg, dedicated to God Tried to reform Catholic Church through education Formed the Society of Jesus in 1540 (now called Jesuits) | 12 | |
| 302055013 | John Calvin | Establishes Calvanism in Geneva, it spreads to France (Hugenots), England, and Scotland Belief in pre-destination Laws of Geneva based on laws of Church | 13 | |
| 302055014 | Inquisition | Catholic Reformation (led by Igantius and other leaders) led to the Inquisition Church wanted to know why people left, began questioning, this led to witch hunts | 14 | |
| 302055015 | Witch Hunts | Government and churches were led by men, women mainly accused | 15 | |
| 302055016 | Balance of Power | Between Germany, France, Spain, and England Under Charles, Germany and Spain were brought together (Charles gets a lot of land, reign begins at age 6, inherits Netherlands) Becomes Charles I of Spain (grandchild to Ferdinand and Isabella) Inherits German territory, becomes Charles V - Holy Roman Emperor Viewed as a foreigner in both countries, not loved When he inherited Germany Martin Luther was causing problems Abdicates after a few decades, gives Germany to brother Ferdinand I - Holy Roman Emperor and Spain, Netherlands, and the New World goes to his son, Phillip II | 16 | |
| 302055017 | Post War of the Roses | Henry VII (Tudor family) rules three kids: Arhut, Henry, Margaret Arthur marries and prepares to be King. Marries Katherine of Aragon, but dies Henry must be trained for the throne, his brother's marriage is annuled, he marries K. of Aragon Hapsburg and British brought together Catherine gives birth to Mary, has 5 miscariages after that. Moves on to Anne Boleyn, has his marriage annuled (leaves the church in order to do it, creates Anglican church), Anne gives birth to Elizabeth he accuses her of being a witch (beheaded), Jane Seymour gives him his only son, Edward and dies. Anne of Cleeves hideous, annuls marriage, legally made her his sister to keep ties with Germany Catherine Howard her and her brother beheaded Catherine Howard, outlives Henry | 17 | |
| 302055018 | Henry's Children | Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward Edward becomes King Edward VI, dies while a teen. Mary gets throne, becomes Queen Mary I, marries Phillip II (King of Spain). Phillip organized the Spanish inquisition in Spain. Mary kills over 100 protestants. Has phantom pregnancy. Mary dies, Elizabeth named as successor. Margaret (Henry VIII's sister) marries James Stuart and their daughter, Mary Queen of Scots (Elizabeth's ruler) tries to get throne Elizabeth accidentaly beheads Mary Liz rules for 60 years "The Virgin Queen", "Good Queen Bess" James becomes kIng of England, translates Bible into English (King James Version) | 18 | |
| 302055019 | English Civil War | Cavaliers (Royalty) vs. Roundheads (Puritans) Roundheads win led by Oliver Cromwell, Charles beheaded, European countries turn against England | 19 | |
| 302055020 | Restoration | After Cromwell dies, Parliament needs a King, go to Charles' son, Charles II and make him King. Charles was welcoming of all religions. Dissolves parliament for four years before his death so brother James can get the throne James II becomes King, daughter Mary is a protestant. | 20 | |
| 302055021 | Glorious Revolution | Mary and William approached by Parliament to become King. William says Mary can do it if they become co-rulers (King and a Queen) Mary and William signed English Bill of Rights (add on to the Magna Carta) | 21 | |
| 302055022 | French Civil War | Reformation spread through France (Calvanists/Hugenots were French Protestants) Civil War breaks out, led by Protestant and Catholic nobles St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, 10,000 Hugenots die in streets of Paris Henry III assassinated, names cousin to be King, Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV also becomes Catholic to take throne. | 22 | |
| 302055023 | Edict of Nantes | Issued by Henry IV, equality of religion in France Henry IV murdered, 9 year old son takes over Louis XIII | 23 | |
| 302055024 | Thirty Years War | Ferdinand I comes to power, Bohemia doesnt want him. Protestants throw Catholics out window, starts WAR. In Germany, Catholic Hapsburgs vs. Protestants Ferdinand I becomes HRE (and King of Bohemia) | 24 | |
| 302055025 | Peace of Westphalia | Ends Thirty Years War Germany remains divided, each regional prince will be allowed to choose religioin Last religious war in Europe | 25 | |
| 302055026 | Louis XIII | Inherits throne at 9 Chief minister was Cardinal Richeliueu, took steps to weaken nobility Louis dies, leaves throne to 4 year old son | 26 | |
| 302055027 | The Sun King: Louis XIV | Uprisings occur when he takes power. Grandson of Phillip II, said he had the divine right of King's believed he was the center of the universe (heliocentric) L'eteat, c'est moi' = I AM THE STATE Transforms hunting lodge into pallace - Versailles | 27 | |
| 302055028 | War of Spanish Succession | Hapsburg King had no heirs, Phillip of Anjou (grandson to Louis XIV) in line for throne of Spain and possibly France. Peace of Utrecht, Phillip King of Spain, not allowed to rule France Spain gets Netherlands Spanish claims of Milan, Sardinia, and Naples go to Hapsburgs Britain takes Gibraltar from Spain FRANCE FAILED TO UNITE EUROPE | 28 | |
| 302055029 | Ivan the Great | Frees Russia from Monguls | 29 | |
| 302055030 | Ivan IV | "Ivan the Terrible" grandson to Ivan the Great, persecuted boyars (nobles) | 30 | |
| 302055031 | Michael Romanov | Becomes tzar in 1613, family rules for hundreds of years | 31 | |
| 302055032 | Peter I "The Great" | Westernization Imposed Feudalism Improved nobles education Simplafied alphabet Established waterways Encouraged exports Began textile and mining Boyars had to shave No more robes, had to wear pants Mixed men and women in social settings Expansion, warm weather port on Black Sea Peters City -> St. Petersburg | 32 | |
| 302055033 | Catherine the Great | Rules after death of husband Peter III | 33 |
