Chapter 2 key terms in the eighth editions of A Introduction to Human Geography: The Cultural Landscape by James M. Rubenstein and Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture by H.J. De Blij
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| 32865135 | Census | A period count of the population. | |
| 32865136 | Child mortality rate (CMR) | The number of children that die within their first to fifth years in a population. | |
| 32865137 | Infant mortality rate (IMR) | The number of deaths in the first year of life for every 1,000 live births. | |
| 32865138 | Crude birth rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. | |
| 32865139 | Crude death rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. | |
| 32865140 | Natural increase rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. | |
| 32865141 | Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics. | |
| 32865142 | Density | The frequency with which something occurs in space. | |
| 32865143 | Agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land. | |
| 32865144 | Arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by total land area. | |
| 32865145 | Physiological density | The number of people supported by a unit of arable land. | |
| 32865146 | Population density | The number of individuals per unit of living space. | |
| 32865147 | Acquired Immune Deficency Syndrome (AIDS) | A disease of the immune system caused by HIV that destroys cells of the immune system that normally fight infections and cancers, leaving the body vulnerable to disease. | |
| 32865148 | Chronic diseases | Afflictions of middle and old age reflecting higher life expectancies | |
| 32865149 | Dot maps | Thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurrences, such as crimes, car accidents, or births. | |
| 32865150 | Doubling time | The number of years needed to double a population. | |
| 32865151 | Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. | |
| 32865152 | Total fertility rate (FTR) | The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years. | |
| 32865153 | Life expectancy | The average age that a newborn infant can expect to attain at the current mortality levels. | |
| 32865154 | Megalopolis | A very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns) | |
| 32865155 | Eugenic population policies | Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over another. | |
| 32865156 | Expansive population policies | Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of poluation growth. | |
| 32865157 | Population composition | The structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education. | |
| 32865158 | Population distributions | The discriptions of locations on the earth's surface where individuals or groups live. | |
| 32865159 | Population explosion | The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century. | |
| 32865160 | Population pyramids | The visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. | |
| 32865161 | Overpopulation | The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. | |
| 32865162 | Restrictive population policies | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase. | |
| 32865163 | Stationary population level | The level at which national population ceases to grow. | |
| 32865164 | Zero population growth | When the birth rate equals the death rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero. | |
| 33094687 | Sex (gender) ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population. | |
| 33094688 | Pandemic | The outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide. | |
| 33094689 | Epidemic | The regional outbreak of a disease. | |
| 33094690 | Medical | Pertainig to the science of practicing medicine. | |
| 33094691 | Dependancy ratio | The number of non-working compared with working individuals in a population. | |
| 33445046 | Fertility | Measurement of the actual number of offspring produced through sexual reproduction. | |
| 33445047 | Thomas Malthus | An English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834). | |
| 33445048 | Neo-Malthusians | Pessimistic; originally used to mean population limitation by birth control and/or abortion. | |
| 33445049 | Population | A group of individuals of one species that live in a particular geographic area. | |
| 33445050 | Revolutions | A war against your own kind. | |
| 33445051 | Demographic transition model | A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. | |
| 33445052 | Diseases | Any harmful, depraved, or morbid condition, as of the mind or society. | |
| 33445053 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | HIV; a type of retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | |
| 33445054 | Cholera | An acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food. | |
| 33445055 | Bubonic plague | An infectious disease transmitted by fleas. It is characterized by fever, chills, and the formation of swellings. (Black Plague or Black Death) | |
| 33445056 | Epidemology | Study of frequency, distribution, and causes of different diseases with a focus on physical/social environment. | |
| 33445057 | Epidemiological transition | Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. | |
| 33445058 | Agricultural | Study of research of how to make crops grow. | |
| 33445059 | Industrial | An area whose economy is based upon factories and manufacturing. | |
| 33445060 | Less developed countries | Poorer countries that do not manufacture as many of their goods as more developed countries. | |
| 33445061 | More developed countries | Population growth is low and people enjoy a good standard of living. |
