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| 118734285 | Nye Committee | In 1934 Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota held hearings to investigate the country's involvement on WW1; this committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war | |
| 118734286 | Neutrality Act of 1939 | European democracies might buy American war materials on a "cash-and-carry basis"; improved American moral and economic position | |
| 118734287 | Lend-Lease Act | allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S | |
| 118734288 | Atlantic Charter | Agreement signed by President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1941 outlining the two nations' war aims | |
| 118734289 | Burke-Wadsworth Act | created the first peace-time draft in United States history | |
| 118734290 | America First Committee | A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker. | |
| 118734291 | Casablanca Conference | January 1943 conference between FDR and Churchill that produces Unconditional Surrender doctrine (unconditional surrender of axis powers) | |
| 118734292 | Dec. 7, 1941 | Japanes attack on Pearl Harbor | |
| 118734293 | Dwight Eisenhower | leader of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected to be Pres. of the USA | |
| 118734294 | Douglas MacArthur | (1880-1964), U.S. general. Commander of U.S. (later Allied) forces in the southwestern Pacific during World War II, he accepted Japan's surrender in 1945 and administered the ensuing Allied occupation. He was in charge of UN forces in Korea 1950-51, before being forced to relinquish command by President Truman. | |
| 118734295 | Executive Order 9066 | 2/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion | |
| 118734296 | Europe First | Military strategy adopted by the United States that required concentrating on the defeat of Germany while maintaining a holding action against Japan in the Pacific. | |
| 118734297 | Operation Overload | the code name of the attack that they planned against Germany were they surround them so they have no chance of winning. AKA D-Day | |
| 118734298 | Big Three | Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin. The three leaders of the Allied powers in WWII (United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union) | |
| 118734299 | Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition | |
| 118734300 | Winston Churchill | A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. | |
| 118734301 | Teheran Conference | 1st meeting of Big Three (Teheran, Iran) Planned DDay invasion and sending troops to Eastern Front (committed to by Churchill and FDR) | |
| 118734302 | Yalta Conference | FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Last meeting of the Big Three. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War | |
| 118734303 | Potsdam Conference | The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. | |
| 118734304 | Manhattan Project | Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. | |
| 118734305 | J. Robert Oppenheimer | leader of Manhattan project | |
| 118734306 | Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. | |
| 118734307 | Rosie the Riveter | symbol of American women who went to work in factories during the war. Encouraged women to take factory jobs. | |
| 118734308 | War Production Board | During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers | |
| 118734309 | Office of Price Administration | WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation | |
| 118734310 | Office of War Information | established by the government to promote patriotism and help keep Americans united behind the war effort. | |
| 118734311 | War Labor Board | settled disputes between business and labor without strikes so that production would not be interrupted and morale would be high | |
| 118734312 | Fair Employment Practices Commission | FDR issued this committee in 1941 to enforce the policy of prohibiting employment-related discrimination practices by federal agencies, unions, and companies involved in war-related work It guaranteed the employment of 2 million black workers in the war factories. | |
| 118734313 | Smith-Connally War Labor Disputes Act | Act of 1943 that authorized the government to seize plants useful to the war. It was created after coal miners went on strike in 1943 led by John l. Lewis | |
| 118734314 | Victory Garden | A home vegetable garden created to relieve food shoratges during World War II | |
| 118734315 | Wendell Wilkie | Popular choice for Republican nominee in election of 1940. Critized New Deal, but largely agreed with Roosevelt on preparedness and giving aid to Britain. Lost to Roosevelt. | |
| 118734316 | Thomas Dewey | He was the Governor of New York (1943-1955) and the unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. Presidency in 1944 and 1948. As a leader of the liberal faction of the Republican party he fought the conservative faction led by Senator Robert A. Taft, and played a major role in nominating Dwight D. Eisenhower for the presidency in 1952. | |
| 118734317 | Harry S. Truman | The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. | |
| 118734318 | G.I. Bill | law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations | |
| 118734319 | San Francisco Conference | 1945 - This conference expanded the drafts of the Yalta and Dumbarton Oaks conferences and adopted the "United Nations" Charter. | |
| 118734320 | United Nations | an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security | |
| 118734321 | U.N. General Assembly | one of the five principal organs of the United Nations; its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of Resolutions. | |
| 118734322 | U.N. Security Council | a body of 5 great powers (which can veto resolutions) and 10 rotating member states, which makes decisions about international peace and security including the dispatch of UN peacekeeping forces | |
| 118734323 | Deterrence | the attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment (communism) | |
| 118734324 | Containment | American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world | |
| 118734325 | Cold War | A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. | |
| 118734326 | Iron Curtain | a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region | |
| 118734327 | Truman Doctrine | President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology | |
| 118734328 | Marshall Plan | A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe. | |
| 118734329 | Berlin Airlift | Joint effort by the US and Britian to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city | |
| 118734330 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries | |
| 118734331 | Warsaw Pact | treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania | |
| 118734332 | Rio Pact | Involves the US and 37 Lation American Countries, if anyone gets attacked than one of the other countries come to help=Reciprocal Assistance | |
| 118734333 | 38th Parallel | latitudinal line that divided North and South Korea at approximatly the midpoint of the peninsula | |
| 118734334 | "Police Action" | a local military action without declaration of war | |
| 118734335 | Right-To-Work Laws | legislation that gives workers the right, under an open shop, to join or not join a union if it is present | |
| 118734336 | Taft-Hartley Act | 1. outlawed "closed shops and required union leaders to sign loyalty oath 2. required 80 day cooling off period before strike | |
| 118734337 | Dixiecrat Party | one of the factions that branched off of the Democratic party before the election of 1948; consisted of Southern Democrats who were angry at the civil rights legislation Truman had proposed and/or succeeded in passing | |
| 118734338 | Fair Deal | Truman's extension of the New Deal that increased min wage, expanded Social Security, and constructed low-income housing | |
| 118734339 | Chiang Kai-Shek | General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong. (p. 788) | |
| 118734340 | Hydrogen Bomb | One thousand more times more powerful than the atomic bomb. Truman ordered the development of it to outpace the Soviets. | |
| 118734341 | Edward Teller | United States physicist (born in Hungary) who worked on the first atom bombs and the first hydrogen bomb | |
| 118734342 | House Un-American Activities Committee | an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. In 1969, the House changed the committee's name to "House Committee on Internal Security".When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee | |
| 118734343 | Hollywood Ten | Group of people in the film industry who were jailed for refusing to answer congressional questions regarding Communist influence in Hollywood | |
| 118734344 | Alger Hiss | A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. | |
| 118734345 | Richard Nixon | he was elected to be US President after Johnson decided to not to run for US president again. He promised peace with honor in Vietnam which means withdrawing American soliders from South Vietnam | |
| 118734346 | McCarran Internal Security Act | United States federal law that required the registration of Communist organizations with the Attorney General in the United States and established the Subversive Activities Control Board to investigate persons thought to be engaged in "un-American" activities, including homosexuals | |
| 118734347 | Smith Act | 1940 act which made it illegal to speak of or advocate overthrowing the U.S. government. Was used by Truman 11 times to prosecute suspected Communists | |
| 118734348 | Ethel and Julius Rosenberg | were American communists who were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges were in relation to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Theirs was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history | |
| 118734349 | Joseph McCarthy | 1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists | |
| 118734350 | Baby Boom | the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II | |
| 118734351 | Jackie Robinson | The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans. | |
| 118734352 | 22nd Amendment | Passed in 1951. Limits the number of terms a president may be elected to serve |
