AP Psychology terminology for history and approaches
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| 6524846 | naturalistic observation | observing and recording behavior naturally without trying to manipulate and control the situation | |
| 6524847 | scientific method tab | an approach or technique employed by scientists which relies on a series of steps to gather knowledge | |
| 6524848 | feminist theory | views on the social roles of men and women in society | |
| 6524849 | gestalt psychology | viewpoint that states people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns | |
| 6524850 | placebo | typically a pill that is used as a control in the experiment; a sugar pill | |
| 6524851 | existential psychology | thought that focuses on meaninglessness and alienation and how it leads to psychological problems | |
| 6524852 | survey research | the measurement of public opinion through the use of sampling and questioning | |
| 6524853 | independent variable | the item controlled by the experimenter and applied to the subject in order to determine its effect on the subjects reaction; variable that is manipulated | |
| 6524854 | gender | the characteristics, either biologically or socially influenced, which people use to define male or female | |
| 6524855 | evolutionary psychology | the application of principles of development including natural selection, to explain the psychological phenomenon | |
| 6524856 | correlational research | technique that studies the natural relationship between two variables | |
| 6524857 | double-blind procedure | technique in which neither the persons involved for those conducting the experiment know in what group to participate is involved | |
| 6524858 | control group | subjects and not exposed to a changing variable in an experiment | |
| 6524859 | experimental group | subjects exposed to a changing variable in experiment | |
| 6524860 | psychology | study of human and animal behavior and mental processes; a science | |
| 6524861 | random sample | selection of a part of the population without reason; participation is by chance | |
| 6524862 | representative sample | selection of a part of the population which mirrors the current demographics | |
| 6524863 | sample | selected part of the population to participate in collecting data | |
| 6524864 | humanistic psychology | Rogers; school of thought that stresses that people are inherently good and must be allowed to reach its highest capability | |
| 6524865 | functionalist theory | William James; school of thought that focuses on mental/behavioral processes as functions | |
| 6524866 | cognitive psychology | school of thought that studies mental processes in its broadest sense | |
| 6524867 | behaviorism | Watson; Skinner; school of thought that emphasizes scientific study of observable behaviors | |
| 6524868 | psychodynamic theories | Freud, Adler, Jung, Horney, Erikson; school of thought arguing that behavior results from factors within the individual which are often outside of the conscious awareness | |
| 6524869 | response bias | preconceived notions of a person answering [a survey] which may alter the experiments purpose | |
| 6524870 | participants or subjects | individuals who are involved in the research | |
| 6524871 | dependent variable | in an experiment the item that is measured to see the changes in the other variable; variable not manipulated | |
| 6524872 | experimenter bias | expectation of the person conducting an experiment which may be affect the outcome | |
| 6524873 | observer bias | expectations of an observer which may distort an authentic observation | |
| 6524874 | culture | enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and tradition shared by a large group of people and transmitted from generation to generation | |
| 6524875 | sexual orientation | correction of a person's emotional and erotic attraction towards sex, same-sex, or both sexes | |
| 6524876 | structuralism | developed by Wundt and Titchener; this school of thought emphasizes the most basic components of mental processes | |
| 6524877 | gender stereotype | beliefs or expectations they will hold about the typical characteristics and behavior of men and women | |
| 6524878 | gender roles | behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are expected as either masculine or feminine in the given culture | |
| 6524879 | pseudoscience | an unscientific system which pretends to discover psychological information that his means are unscientific or deliberately fraudulent | |
| 6524880 | hypothesis | an assumption that can be tested | |
| 6524881 | theory | a tentative explanation that tries to integrate an account for data | |
| 6524882 | experimental method | a technique used to demonstrate cause and effect by purposely manipulating circumstances and measuring the final effect | |
| 6524883 | race | physical characteristics; a subpopulation of a species defined by an identifiable characteristic such as geographic location, hair texture, genes, etc. experiment | |
| 6524884 | experiment | a series of observations carried out under controlled conditions for the purpose of testing assumptions | |
| 6524885 | ethnic identity | cultural; a person's awareness of being a member of a subpopulation of a species | |
| 6524886 | case study | a highly detailed description of a single individual or a vent | |
| 6524887 | ethnicity | cultural characteristics; a common cultural heritage, including religion, language, and/or ancestry, that is shared by a group of individuals | |
| 6524888 | positive psychology | in emerging Theo psychology that focuses on positive experiences; includes subjective well-being, self-determination, the relationship between positive emotions and physical health, and the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to boorish |
