Terms : Hide Images
| 229794611 | MOTIVATION | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. | |
| 229794612 | INSTINCT | a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. | |
| 229794613 | DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY | the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. | |
| 229794614 | HOMEOSTASIS | a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level | |
| 229794615 | INCENTIVE | a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior | |
| 229794616 | HIERARCHY OF NEEDS | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active | |
| 229794617 | GLUCOSE | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. | |
| 229794618 | SET POINT | the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. | |
| 229794619 | BASAL METABOLIC RATE | the body's resting rate of energy expenditure | |
| 229794620 | ANOREXIA NERVOSA | an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve | |
| 229794621 | BULIMIA NERVOSA | an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise | |
| 229794622 | BINGE-EATING DISORDER | significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa. | |
| 229794623 | SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE | the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. | |
| 229794624 | REFRACTORY PERIOD | a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm | |
| 229794625 | SEXUAL DISORDER | a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning | |
| 229794626 | ESTROGENS | sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females that by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promotion sexual receptivity. | |
| 229794627 | TESTOSTERONE | the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty | |
| 229794628 | SEXUAL ORIENTATION | an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation) | |
| 229794629 | FLOW | a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with dimi, a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills | |
| 229794630 | INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces | |
| 229794631 | PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY | a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development | |
| 229794632 | ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY | a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change | |
| 229794633 | STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS | interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales | |
| 229794634 | ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION | a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard | |
| 229794635 | TASK LEADERSHIP | goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals | |
| 229794636 | SOCIAL LEADERSHIP | group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support | |
| 229794637 | EMOTION | a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience | |
| 229794638 | JAMES-LANGE THEORY | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli | |
| 229794639 | CANNON-BARD THEORY | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion | |
| 229794640 | TWO-FACTOR THEORY | Schachter's theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal | |
| 229794641 | POLYGRAPH | a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes). | |
| 229794642 | CATHARIS | emotional release the catharis hypothesis maintains that releasing agressive energy relieves agressive urges | |
| 229794643 | FEEL-GOOD, DO-GOOD PHENOMENON | people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood | |
| 229794644 | SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life. | |
| 229794645 | ADAPTATION-LEVEL PHENOMENON | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience | |
| 229794646 | RELATIVE DEPRIVATION | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself | |
| 229794647 | BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE | an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease | |
| 229794648 | HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY | a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine | |
| 229794649 | STRESS | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging. | |
| 229794650 | GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME (GAS) | Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three stages--alarm, resistance, exhaustion | |
| 229794651 | CORONARY HEART DISEASE | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries | |
| 229794652 | TYPE A | Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people | |
| 229794653 | TYPE B | Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people | |
| 229794654 | PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ILLNESS | Literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches. | |
| 229794655 | PSYCHONEUROLMMUNOLOGY (PNI) | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health. | |
| 229794656 | LYMPHOCYTES | the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances. | |
| 229794657 | COPING | alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods | |
| 229794658 | PROBLEM-FOCUSED COPING | Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor. | |
| 229794659 | EMOTION-FOCUSED COPING | attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction | |
| 229794660 | AEROBIC EXERCISE | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety | |
| 229794661 | BIOFEEDBACK | a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension | |
| 229794662 | COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE(CAM) | as yet unproven health care treatments intended to supplement (complement) or serve as alternatives to conventional medicine, and which typically are not widely taught in medical schools, used in hospitals, or reimbursed by insurance companies. When research shows a therapy to be safe and effective, it usually then becomes part of accepted medical practice. |
