Papa Naips
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| 334592644 | Toussaint L'Overture | leader of slave rebellion of the French sugar island of St. Domingue in 1791 | 0 | |
| 334592645 | Maximilian von Habsburg | Proclaimed emperor of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862 | 1 | |
| 334592646 | Benito Juarez | Indian governor of the state of Oaxcaca in Mexico; leader of the liberal rebellion against Santa Anna; liberal government defeated; leader of the liberal rebellion against Santa Anna; liberal government defeated by the French intervention | 2 | |
| 334592647 | Father Miguel de Hidalgo | Mexican priest who established independence movement among Indian and mestizos in 1810 | 3 | |
| 334592648 | Jose de San Martin | Leader of the independence movement in Rio de la Plata | 4 | |
| 334592649 | Simon Bolivar | Creole military officer in northern South America | 5 | |
| 334592650 | Porfirio Diaz | One of Juarez generals elected president of Mexico in 1876 | 6 | |
| 334592651 | Dom Joao VI | Portuguesse monarch who established seat of government in Brazil from 1808 to 1820 | 7 | |
| 334592652 | Pedro I | Son and successor of Dom Joao VI in Brazil aided in the declaration of the Brazilian independence centralists - Latin America politicians who wished to create strong, centralized national governments with broad powers | 8 | |
| 334592653 | centralists | Latin America politicians who wished to create strong, centralized national governments with broad powers | 9 | |
| 334592654 | federalists | Latin in America politicians who wanted policies, especially fiscal and commercial regulation to be set by the government | 10 | |
| 334592655 | caudillos | Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies | 11 | |
| 334592656 | modernization theory | The belief that the more industrialized, urban, and modern a society became, the more social change and improvement were possible | 12 | |
| 334592657 | dependency theory | The belief that development and the underdevelopment were not stages, but part of the same process; underdevelopment in one area led to the development of another | 13 | |
| 334592658 | cientificos | Advisors of the government of Porfirio Diaz who were strongly influenced by positive ideas | 14 | |
| 334592659 | positivism | French philosophy based on the observation and scientific approach to problems of society | 15 | |
| 334592660 | Gran Colombia | Independent state created in South America as a result of military successes of Simon Bolivar | 16 | |
| 334592661 | La Reforma | The name given to the liberal rebellion of Benito Juarez against the forces of Santa Anna | 17 | |
| 334592662 | Monroe Doctrine | American declaration stated in 1823; you **** with the Americas, you **** with the US | 18 | |
| 334592663 | manifest destiny | Belief of the government of the US that it was destined to rule the continent from coast to coast. | 19 | |
| 334592664 | Spanish-American War | Began in 1898; centered in Cuba and Puerto Rico; permitted American intervention in the Caribbean | 20 | |
| 334592665 | Panama Canal | An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from the US support for a Panamanian independence movement in return for the Canal | 21 | |
| 334592666 | Selim III | Sultan who ruled Ottoman empire from 1789 to 1807; aimed at improving administrative efficiency and building a new army and navy; toppled by Janissaries | 22 | |
| 334592667 | Mahmud II | Ottoman sultan; built a private professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with the private army; initiated reform of the Ottoman Empire | 23 | |
| 334592668 | Tanzimat reforms | Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Westernstyle university, legal reforms; resulted in the creation of a new constitution in 1876. | 24 | |
| 334592669 | Young Turks | Determined to restore the 1876 constitution and resume far-reaching reforms within the empire | 25 | |
| 334592670 | Mameluks | Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance | 26 | |
| 334592671 | Muhammad Ali | Won the power struggle in Egypt following the fall of the Mameluks established mastery of all Egypt by 1811; by 1830's was able to challenge Ottoman govt. in Constantinople; died in 1848 | 27 | |
| 334592672 | khedives | Descendants of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after 1867; formal rulers despite the English and French intervention until overthrown by a military coup in 1952 | 28 | |
| 334592673 | al-Afghani | Muslim thinker at the end of the 19th century; stressed the need for adoption of western scientific learning and technology, recognized the importance of tradition of rational inquiry | 29 | |
| 334592674 | Muhammad Abduh | Disciple of al-Afghani; Muslim thinker at the end of the 19th century stressed the need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology, recognized the importance of tradition of rational inquiry | 30 | |
| 334592675 | Suez Canal | Built across Isthmus of Suez to connect the Mediterranean to the Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors; the increasing debt that the khedives had permitted the intervention of the British into Egyptian politics to protect their investment | 31 | |
| 334592676 | Mahdi | Head of a Sudanic Sufi brotherhood; claimed descent from a prophet; claimed both Egyptian and British infidels; launched a revolt to purge Islam of its impurities; took Khartoum in 1883 | 32 | |
| 334592677 | Nurhaci | Architect of Manchu unity; created distinctive Manchu banner armies; controlled most of Munchuria; adopted China's bureaucracy and court ceremonies; entered China and took Ming capital in Beijing | 33 | |
| 334592678 | Kangxi | Confucian scholar and Manchu emperor of Qing dynasty from 1661 to 1722; established high degree of Sintification among the Manchus | 34 | |
| 334592679 | Lin Zexu | Distinguished Chinese Official during the early 19th century; charged with stamping out Opuim trade in Southern China and was exiled after the Opium Wars | 35 | |
| 334592680 | Cixi | Ultraconservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty; supported the Boxer Rebellion in 1898 as a mean of driving out westerners | 36 | |
| 334592681 | Puyi | Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while he was still a small boy in 1912 | 37 | |
| 334592682 | Opium War | Fought between British and Qing China beginning in 1839; British wanted to keep the Opium trade and they won and opened Hong Kong as a British port | 38 | |
| 334592683 | Taiping Rebellion | Broke out in South China during the 1850's and early 1860's; led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-Christianized prophet; sought to overthrow the Qing dynasty and the Confucian scholar gentry | 39 | |
| 334592684 | Boxer Rebellion | Popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from China; failed because of the intervention of the armies of western powers in China, the Chinese defeat gave the Europeans more power | 40 | |
| 334592685 | Holy Alliance | Alliance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of religion and the established; formed at the congress of Vienna by the most conservative monarchies of Europe | 41 | |
| 334592686 | Crimean War | Fought between 1854 and 1856; began as Russian attempt to attack the Ottoman Empire; opposed by France and Britain as well; resulted in Russian defeated due to Western technologies; led to Russian reforms | 42 | |
| 334592687 | zemstvoes | Local political councils created as a part of reforms under Tsar Alexander II; gave some Russians, especially middle class professionals, some experience in government; really had no power | 43 | |
| 334592688 | Count Witte | Russian minister of finance from 1892 to 1903; economics modernizer responsible for high tariffs, improved banking system; encourage western investors to build factories in Russia | 44 | |
| 334592689 | Intelligentsia | Russian term denoting articulate intellectuals as a class; 19th-century group bent on radical change in Russian political and social system; often wanted to remain a Russian culture different from the West. | 45 | |
| 334592690 | anarchists | Political groups that sought the abolition of all formal government particularly prevalent in Russia; opposed to Tsarist autocracy; eventually became a terrorist group who was responsible for the assassination of Alexander the II | 46 | |
| 334592691 | Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov | aka Lenin; most active Russian Marxist leader; insisted on the importance of disciplined revolutionary cells; leader of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 | 47 | |
| 334592692 | Bolsheviks | Literally, the majority party; most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by Lenin | 48 | |
| 334592693 | Nicholas II | Nationalists; against the modernization of Russia | 49 | |
| 334592694 | Russian Revolution of 1905 | Consisted of strikes by urban workers and widespread insurrection among the peasantry; lead to the duma | 50 | |
| 334592695 | duma | National parliament created in Russia in the aftermath of the 1905 Revolution; progressively stripped power from Tsar Nicholas II; failed to forestall further revolution | 51 | |
| 334592696 | Stolypin reforms | Reforms introduced by the Russian minister Stolypin intend to placate peasantry in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905; included reduction in redemption payments, attempt to create market-oriented peasantry | 52 | |
| 334592697 | kulaks | Agricultural entrepreneurs who utilized the Stolypin and later NEP reforms to increase agricultural production and buy additional land | 53 | |
| 334592698 | terakoya | Commoner school in Japan founded under the Tokugwawa shogunate in Japan to teach reading and writing, raised the literacy rate to 40%; for males only | 54 | |
| 334592699 | Matthew Perry | American commodore who visited Edo Bay with American fleet in 1853; insisted on opening ports to American trade on treats of naval bombardment | 55 | |
| 334592700 | Meiji Restoration | After the civil war ended Meiji ministers overhauled the government and social classes, and built an army | 56 | |
| 334592701 | Diet | Japanese parliament established as part of the new constitution of 1889; part of the Meiji reforms; could not pass laws and approve budgets; able to advise the government, but not to control it | 57 | |
| 334592702 | zaibatsu | Huge industrial combines created in Japan in the 1890s as a part of the industrialization process | 58 | |
| 334592703 | Sin-Japanese War | War fought between Japan and Qing China between 1894 and 1895 resulted in Japanese victory; Western influences frustrated Japanese imperial aims to stay in the Liaotung peninsula | 59 | |
| 334592704 | yellow pearl | Western term for perceived threat of Japanese imperialism around 1900; met by increased Western imperialism in the region | 60 |
