Terms : Hide Images
| 92614655 | CIVIC COMPETENCE | a belief that one can affect government policies | |
| 92614656 | CIVIC DUTY | a belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs | |
| 92614657 | CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS | an awareness of belonging to a particular socioeconomic class whose interests are different from those of others (usually used in reference to workers who view their interests as opposite those of managers and business owners) | |
| 92614658 | EQUAL OPPORTUNITY | a view that it is wrong to use race or sex either to discriminate against or give preferential treatment to minorities or women | |
| 92614659 | EXTERNAL EFFICACY | a belief that the system will respond to a citizen's demands | |
| 92614660 | INDIVIDUALISM | a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence | |
| 92614661 | INTERNAL EFFICACY | confidence in a citizen's own abilities to understand and take part in political affairs | |
| 92614662 | LIBERTY | a belief that citizens should be free to do pretty much as they please, with some exceptions, as long as they don't hurt other people | |
| 92614663 | OPPOSITION PARTY | a political party that opposes the majority party but within the context of the legal rules | |
| 92614664 | ORTHODOX | people who believe that moral rules are derived from the commands of God or the laws of nature; these commands and laws are relatively clear, unchanging, and independent of individual moral preferences (they are likely to believe that traditional morality is more important than individual liberty and should be enforced by government and communal norms) | |
| 92614665 | POLITICAL CULTURE | a broadly shared way of thinking about political and economic life that reflects fundamental assumptions about how government should operate | |
| 92614666 | POLITICAL EFFICACY | a citizen's belief that he or she can understand and influence political affairs (this sense is divided into two parts: internal efficacy and external efficacy) | |
| 92614667 | POLITICAL IDEOLOGY | a more or less consistent set of views as to the policies government ought to pursue | |
| 92614668 | POLITICAL TOLERANCE | the willingness of people to be reasonably tolerant to the opinions and actions of others that are not in accordance with their own | |
| 92614669 | PROGRESSIVE | a person who believes that moral rules are derived in part from an individual's beliefs and the circumstances of modern life (progressives are likely to favor government tolerance and protection of individual choice) | |
| 92614670 | WATERGATE | the events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment | |
| 92614671 | WORK ETHIC | a belief in the importance of hard work and personal achievement | |
| 92614672 | CONSERVATIVE | in general a person who favors more limited and local government, less government regulation of markets, more social conformity to traditional norms and values, and tougher policies toward criminals | |
| 92614673 | CROSSCUTTING CLEAVAGES | occurs when the various factors that make up an individual's social identity tend to pull that person in different political directions | |
| 92614674 | EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS | have become the backbone of the New Right and chief fundraisers for key organizations such as the National Conservative Political Action Committee and the Moral Majority ("traditional family values") | |
| 92614675 | GENDER GAP | differences in the political views and voting behavior of men and women | |
| 92614676 | LIBERAL | in general a person who favors a more active federal government for regulating business, supporting social welfare, and protecting minority rights, but who prefers less regulation of private social conduct | |
| 92614677 | LIBERTARIAN | people who wish to maximize personal liberty on both economic and social issues; they prefer a small, weak government that has little control over either the economy or the personal lives of citizens | |
| 92614678 | MIDDLE AMERICA | a phrase coined by Joseph Kraft in a 1968 newspaper column to refer to Americans who have moved out of poverty but are not yet affluent and who cherish traditional middle-class values | |
| 92614679 | NEW CLASS | a class made of elites that sprang from the middle class but are more democratic, educated, and use traditions more than regular middle class | |
| 92614680 | NORM | a standard of right or proper conduct that helps determine the range of acceptable social behavior and policy options | |
| 92614681 | PARTY IDENTIFICATION | an informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood | |
| 92614682 | POLITICAL ELITES | an identifiable group of persons who possess a disproportionate share of some valued resource-such as money or political power | |
| 92614683 | POLL | a survey of public opinion | |
| 92614684 | POPULIST | people who hold liberal views on economic matters and conservative ones on social matters; they prefer a strong government that will reduce economic inequality, regulate businesses, and impose stricter social and criminal sanctions | |
| 92614685 | PURE CONSERVATIVE | people who are conservative on both economic and conduct issues; they want the government to cut back on the welfare state, allow the market to allocate goods and services, keep taxes low, lock up criminals, and curb forms of conduct they regard as antisocial | |
| 92614686 | PURE LIBERAL | people who are liberal on both economic policy and personal conduct; they want the government to reduce economic inequality, regulate business, tax the rich heavily, cure the (presumably) economic causes of crime, allow abortions, protect the rights of the accused, and guarantee the broadest possible freedoms of speech and press | |
| 92614687 | RANDOM SAMPLE | a sample selected in such a way that any member of the population being surveyed has an equal chance of being interviewed | |
| 92614688 | RELIGIOUS TRADITION | the moral teachings of religious institutions on religious, social, and economic issues | |
| 92614689 | SAMPLING ERROR | the difference between the results of two surveys or samples | |
| 92614690 | SILENT MAJORITY | a phrase used to describe people, whatever their economic status, who uphold traditional values, especially against the counterculture of the 1960s | |
| 92614691 | SOCIAL STATUS | a measure of one's social standing obtained by combining factors such as education, income, and occupation | |
| 92614692 | TRADITIONAL MIDDLE CLASS | people who have gone to college, live in the suburbs, go to church, and vote Republican. | |
| 92614693 | YUPPIES | young, urban professionals who wore ostentatious gear such Rolex watches or BMW cars; they came to symbolize the increased pursuit of wealth and materialism of Americans in the 1980s | |
| 92614694 | ACTIVISTS | individuals, usually outside of government, who actively promote a political party, philosophy, or issue they care about | |
| 92614695 | AUSTRALIAN BALLOT | a government-printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party-printed ballots cast in public | |
| 92614696 | CAMPAIGNERS | people who not only vote but also like to get involved in campaign activities; they are better educated than the average voter and have an interest in the conflicts, passions, and struggle of politics | |
| 92614697 | COMMUNALISTS | people who do not like the conflict and tension of partisan campaigns; they tend to reserve their energy for community activities of a more nonpartisan nature - forming and joining organizations to deal with local problems and contacting local officials about these problems | |
| 92614698 | COMPLETE ACTIVISTS | people who are highly educated, have high incomes, and tend to be middle-age rather than young or old | |
| 92614699 | ELIGIBLE ELECTORATE | the population that is eligible to register to vote | |
| 92614700 | 15th AMENDMENT | the right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account or race, color, or previous condition of servitude | |
| 92614701 | GRANDFATHER CLAUSE | a clause added to registration laws allowing people who did not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867 (this was to exempt poor and illiterate whites from registration requirements established to keep former slaves from voting) | |
| 92614702 | INACTIVE | not active or exerting influence | |
| 92614703 | LITERACY TESTS | a requirement that citizens pass a literacy test in order to register to vote (it was established by many states to prevent former slaves from voting) | |
| 92614704 | MOTOR-VOTER BILL | a bill passed by Congress in 1993 to make it easier for Americans to register to vote (requires states to allow voter registration by mail, when one applies for a driver's license, and at state offices that serve the disabled or poor) | |
| 92614705 | 19th AMENDMENT | the right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex | |
| 92614706 | PAROCHIAL PARTICIPANTS | people who do not vote and stay out of election campaigns and civic associations but are willing to contact local officials about specific, often personal, problems | |
| 92614707 | POLL TAX | a requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote (it was adopted by many states to prevent former slaves from voting) | |
| 92614708 | REGISTERED VOTERS | people who are registered to vote | |
| 92614709 | 26th AMENDMENT | the right of citizens who are eighteen years of age or older to vote shall not be denied or abridged | |
| 92614710 | VOTER APATHY | the lack of interest among the citizenry in participating in elections | |
| 92614711 | VOTING-AGE POPULATION | the citizens who are eligible to vote after reaching a minimum age requirement | |
| 92614712 | VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1970 | gave eighteen year olds the right to vote in federal elections beginning January 1, 1971 | |
| 92614713 | VOTING SPECIALIST | people who vote but do little else; they tend not to have much schooling or income and to be substantially older than the average person | |
| 92614714 | WHITE PRIMARY | the practice of keeping African Americans from voting in primary elections through arbitrary implementation of registration requirements and intimidation |
