Terms : Hide Images
| 223686268 | parasites | an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant) | |
| 223686269 | mutualists | live in association with other organisms and benefit both species involved | |
| 223686270 | mycorrhizal | increase plant growth, association between fungi and plant roots | |
| 223686271 | saprophytes | fungi that feed on dead matter | |
| 223686272 | carbon cycle | fixation of carbon by land plants and release of carbon dioxide from plants, animals and fungi from cellular respiration. | |
| 223686273 | speed up carbon cycle | how fungi connect carbon cycles by breaking down molecules in wood into reusable organic compounds. | |
| 223686274 | beneficial impacts of fungi on humans | source for antibiotics, mushrooms for food, yeast for bread, cheese, soy... | |
| 223686275 | negative impact of fungi | fruit and veggie spoilage, skills trees. | |
| 223686276 | yeasts | single-celled fungi | |
| 223686277 | mycelia | multicellular, filamentous forms of fungi | |
| 223686278 | hyphae | filaments that make up a mycelium, may be heterokaryotic or dikaryotic | |
| 223686279 | heterokaryotic | haploid, with several haploid nuclear from different parents | |
| 223686280 | dikaryotic | two haploid nuclei, one from each parent. | |
| 223686281 | septa | cell-like compartments by cross-walls | |
| 223686282 | pores | gaps in septa that enable materials to flow between compartments | |
| 223686283 | coenocytic | lack septa entirely | |
| 223686284 | fungi | highest surface-area-to-volume ratio observed in a multicellular organism is in ____. | |
| 223686285 | 4 fungi reproductive structures | chytrids, zygoporangia, basidia, asci | |
| 223686286 | chytrids | only known motile fungal cells, have flagella, spores | |
| 223686287 | zygoporangia | formed when cells from two yoked-together haploid hyphae fuse in zygomycetes, haploid nuclei fuse and share nutrients | |
| 223686288 | basidia | specialized spore-producing cells that form at the ends of basidiomycetes hyphae "little pedestals" | |
| 223686289 | asci | sac-like spore-producing cells that form at the end of ascomycetes hyphae. | |
| 223686290 | proof of closeness of animals and fungi | DNA sequence data, synthesization of chitin, similar flagella, storage of glucose as glycogen | |
| 223686291 | symbiotic relationship | close associations between organisms of different species, where at least one organism benifits from the association | |
| 223686292 | commensal | one species benefits while the other is unaffected | |
| 223686293 | EMF | usually Basidiomycetes, type of plant-mycorrhizal interactions, form a dense network of hyphae that cover a plant's roots and extend into the soil but do not enter the root cells. found on many tree species, release amino acids, provide nirtogen and phosphate ions to the host pland and receives sugars. | |
| 223686294 | AMF | All Glomeromycetes, grow into the cell sof root tissue, directly contact the plasma membrance of the plant cell, increase the surface area available for exchange of molecules between the fungus and its host, transfers phosphorus from the soil to the plant and gets sugar. | |
| 223686295 | endophytes | deter herbivores from plants in exchange for absorbing sugar from the plants | |
| 223686296 | fungi effective decomposers | large surface area on mycelium enhances absorption, able to grow toward the dead tissues that supply food. | |
| 223686297 | extracellular digestion | important for digestion of woody material in wood. produces lignen peroxidase enzyme to digest lignin and secrete cellulases enzymes to digest cellulose. | |
| 223686298 | mating types | function as sexes. instead of having just two sexes, a single fungal species may have tens of thousands. helps generate genetic diversity in offspring | |
| 223686299 | fungi fertilization | Fusion of cells, or of nuclei from the fused cells. no sperm or egg | |
| 223686300 | Microsporidia | single celled, parasitic, polar tube that allows them to enter the interior of the cells they parasitize, cause infections in immunocomprised people, like people with AIDS | |
| 223686301 | Chytrids | aquatic, only fungi that can produce motile cells, spores swim to new habitats, only fungi to exhibit alternation of generations. | |
| 223686302 | Zygomycota | yoke together and fuse during sexual reproduction, bread mold | |
| 223686303 | Glomeromycota | hard to grow in lab, important to humans and natural economies, all AMF members | |
| 223686304 | Basidiomycota (Club Fungi) | some species are EMF, important in forestry, above ground mushrooms and puffballs, important and food sources, produce basidia during sexual reproduction. | |
| 223686305 | Ascomycota (Sac Fungi) | over half of all known fungi, lichen-formers and non-lichen formers are two major groups | |
| 223686306 | Lichen-formers | grow in association with cyanobacteria or green algae to form lichens, reproduce asexually by producing soredia | |
| 223686307 | Soredia | "mini-lichen" structures used for asexual reproduction. | |
| 223686308 | Non-lichen-formers | fungus used to make penicillin, as well as yeast and the valuable foods truffles. |
