american history
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| 340269083 | American strategy in the Pacific | one army goes from Australia to the Philippines, and another goes from Hawaii to meet in the Philippines | |
| 340269084 | Battles of Coral Sea, Midway Island, Guadalcanal | Coral Sea: protects Australia from Japanese attack Midway: US destroys 4 Japanese battleships nearing Hawaii (Midway has airstrip) Guadalcanal: first Allied surprise attack on Japanese | |
| 340269085 | Difficulties in developing war strategies in Europe | The US army Chief-of-Staff wants invasion of France. The Soviets want invasion as early as possible, Britain first wants to attack North Africa and Italy, and then move to France. FDR supports the British plan. | |
| 340269086 | North African Campaign | British attack Nazis at El Alamein near the Suez Canal, force Nazis out of Egypt. | |
| 340269087 | Stalingrad | Red Army held off German assault, however Soviets encountered many casualties: turning point in the war between the Soviet Union and Germany | |
| 340269088 | Casablanca Conference | FDR/Churchill/de Gaulle: agreed to an unconditional surrender, and agreed to a second-front in Italy | |
| 340269089 | Invasion of Italy | US/Britain take Sicily to gain access to the mainland | |
| 340269090 | American reaction to the Holocaust | America was anti-semetic. Jews were prevented from entering the US. US/Britain could have tried to take down Germany to help Nazi victims, but insisted that winning the war was the best thing they could do. | |
| 340269091 | General war-time economic growth | war-induced economic recovery ended the Great Depression | |
| 340269092 | Government spending in the West | CA got 10% of all money spent, Pacific Coast became the center of American aircraft industry | |
| 340269093 | Major labor trends during WWII | 15 million people were out of the workforce due to the war, so the civilian workforce actually grew. Average earnings doubled, and personal income increased (as did personal savings). | |
| 340269094 | Little Steel formula | set a 15% limit on wartime wage increases during World War II. Consolidation of monetary resources. Met by great animosity in the labor movement. | |
| 340269095 | Union agreements during WWII | new restrictions on the ability of unions to fight for members' demands, unions must announce a strike 30 days before striking, president could seize a struck war plant | |
| 340269096 | Reactions to wartime inflation | prices increased significantly. the anti-inflation act: gave FDR authority to freeze prices/wages/rents through the Office of Price Administration. war bonds helped with inflation. | |
| 340269097 | Wartime spending/borrowing | government spending was 2x more than ever before. much government spending was focused in the west, where the money went to highways, factories, and power plants. | |
| 340269098 | Revenue Act of 1942 | raised corporation taxes and required nearly all Americans to pay income taxes. | |
| 340269099 | War Production Board | During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers | |
| 340269100 | Office of War Mobilization | gained power after the War Production Board couldn't handle everything. produced/distributed civilian goods, involved in rationing. | |
| 340269101 | Defense Plants Corporation | funded factories that made things for the war effort | |
| 340269102 | National Defense Research Committee | Committee made before the war by FDR that organized scientists for a weapons race against the Axis. | |
| 340269103 | Growth of American military technology | US mass production, assembly lines, etc. are advantages | |
| 340269104 | Radar/sonar | critical on airplanes and submarines, deactivated German naval mines | |
| 340269105 | The Ultra project | British decoding system | |
| 340269106 | A. Philip Randolph | created the Fair Employment Practices Commission | |
| 340269107 | Fair Employment Practices Commission | created to investigate discrimination against blacks in war industries | |
| 340269108 | Congress of Racial Equality | organized sit-ins, demonstrations, etc. | |
| 340269109 | "Code-talkers" | a use of Native Americans, who spoke in their own language over the radio so others couldn't understand | |
| 340269111 | Braceros | admitted to the Us from Mexico for a limited time to work in specific jobs | |
| 340269112 | Zoot-Suit Riots | white sailors attacked zoot-suiters (members of a Hispanic gang in CA), police arrested the Hispanics who fought back, and LA passed a law prohibiting zoot-suits | |
| 340269113 | Women in the war-industries | "Rosie the Riveter" allowed women to join unions/erode previous prejudices. Most women worked for the government | |
| 340269114 | Women in non-war jobs | women mostly worked in the government, and in jobs men left when they went off to war | |
| 340269115 | Consumer changes in WWII | consumerism increased as people started attending movies/concerts, and buying more books/magazines/etc | |
| 340269116 | The USO | brought in women as hostesses in clubs | |
| 340269117 | Japanese Internment | Japanese Americans were all viewed as the enemy after Pearl Harbor, and were moved to relocation centers | |
| 340269118 | Korematsu v. US | ruled that relocation of Japanese Americans was constitutionally sound, but many internees were released regardless | |
| 340269119 | Changes for the US-Chinese relationship | Chinese Exclusion Acts were repealed | |
| 340269120 | End of New Deal programs | winning the war was more important than the New Deal Reforms | |
| 340269121 | 1944 election | FDR talked into having Truman as VP, election revolved around FDR's health and economy as well as wanting to win war; Dewey lost by electoral landslide | |
| 340269122 | Allied actions in Europe in 1944 | attacked industrial installations with strategic bombings, cutting production and impeding transportation-->liberated France | |
| 340269124 | Manhattan Project | US/Britain raced to develop an atomic bomb before Germany. Enrico Fermi discovered the radioactivity of uranium, and the US created the Trinity Bomb, the first atomic bomb in history | |
| 340269125 | "unconditional surrender" | US/Britain present ultimatum to Japan: surrender or face complete devastation | |
| 340269126 | Hiroshima, Nagasaki | US drops atomic bombs on these 2 cities |
