Chapter 9 grade-makers/terms -- The American Pageant.
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| 88727910 | Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create. | |
| 88727911 | Daniel Shays | Head of Shay's Rebellion; he and several other angry farmers violently protested against debtor's jail; eventually crushed; aided in the creation of constitution because land owners now wanted to preserve what was theirs from "mobocracy". | |
| 88727912 | Alexander Hamilton | 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. | |
| 88727913 | James Madison | 4th President of the United States (member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)). | |
| 88727914 | Primogeniture | seniority by birth; state of being the first-born child; right of the eldest child (to inherit the entire property of one or both parents). | |
| 88727915 | Federation | the act of constituting a political unity out of a number of separate states or colonies or provinces so that each member retains the management of its internal affairs. | |
| 88727916 | Checks and Balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power | |
| 88727917 | Sovereignty | royal authority (the dominion of a monarch). | |
| 88727918 | "Mobocracy" | n. Lawless control of public affairs by the mob or populace. | |
| 88727919 | Consent of The Governed | agreement by the people of a nation to subject themselves to the authority to a government. Natural rights philosophers, such as John Locke, believe that any legitimate government must draw its authority from the consent of the governed. | |
| 88727920 | Republicanism | the political orientation of those who hold that a republic is the best form of government | |
| 88727921 | States' Rights | According to the compact theory of the Union the states retained all powers not specifically delegated to the central government by the Constitution. | |
| 88727922 | Popular Sovereignty | The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government | |
| 88727923 | Confederation | a joining of several groups for a common purpose. | |
| 88727924 | Anarchy | a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government) | |
| 88727925 | Society of the Cincinnati | A society established by former officers of the Revolutionary war as a sort of aristocracy in which traditionalism and social status was important. Thomas Jefferson and other civilians thought that this movement threatened the newly formed republic and feared it could turn into an aristocracy so they worked to disband it. This was showed that nothing would stand in the way of a democratic government. This was crucial as this is the point when most revolutions fail, but the determination from Jefferson ceased this early threat. (1783) | |
| 88727926 | "Great Compromise" | Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house. | |
| 88727927 | Articles of Confederation | a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states (it provided a legal symbol of their union by gave the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens). | |
| 88727928 | Land Ordinance | Authorized surveys and the division of public lands in the western part of the country. Specified sizes of lots and acreages. 1785. | |
| 88727929 | "Three fifths Compromise" | the agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in Congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves. | |
| 88727930 | Northwest Ordinance | Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states. | |
| 88727931 | Anti-federalists | They opposed the ratification of the Constitution because it gave more power to the federal government and less to the states, and because it did not ensure individual rights. Many wanted to keep the Articles of Confederation. The Anti-federalists were instrumental in obtaining passage of the Bill of Rights as a prerequisite to ratification of the Constitution in several states. After the ratification of the Constitution, the Anti-federalists regrouped as the Democratic-Republican (or simply Republican) party. | |
| 88727932 | Shay's Rebellion | this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes (1786). | |
| 88727933 | Federalists | Supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution. | |
| 88727934 | "large state plan" | Plan proposed by Virginia for representation in both houses should be based on population. Bicameral. | |
| 88727935 | Constitution of the United States | Written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states, The foundation of our country's national government; was drafted in Philadelphia in 1787; the Constitution establishes a government with direct authority over all citizens, it defines the powers of the national government, and it establishes protection for the rights of states and of every individual. | |
| 88727936 | The Federalist | Essays promoting ratification of the Constitution, published anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in 1787 and 1788. | |
| 88727937 | "Bundle of Compromises" | This referred to the fact that the Constitution was trying to please everybody. |
