Subject:
Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics This chapter ?rstly looks back on the development of macroscopic thermo- dynamics during the last three hundred years and its historical contribution to the social evolvement. The present achievement and challenges are also discussed. To clearly understand the thermodynamic laws, the essential con- cepts of thermodynamics are de?ned and clari?ed. Further, the macroscopic thermodynamics of materials and the fundamental principles of four ther- modynamics laws are introduced, which are the essential basis of the later chapters. The intrinsical relationships between these thermodynamics laws through a series of mathematical deductions are given, which additionally re- sult in the acquirement of the most important physical amounts of materials.
