Reed Penncrest Level 1
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| 530978565 | What is another name for body cells? | Somatic Cells | |
| 530978566 | What are the two parts of cell division? | Mitosis and Cytokinesis | |
| 530978567 | What is divided during mitosis? | the nucleus | |
| 530978568 | What is divided during cytokinesis? | the cytoplasm | |
| 530978569 | What process decreases the number of cells? | Apoptosis or cell death | |
| 530978570 | When does cell division have to occur? | Body Growth, Repair of Injury, Fighting Infections, and replacing dead cells | |
| 530978571 | What are some example of apoptosis? | When the tail of a tadpole disappears as it becomes a frog, when the skin between the fingers and toes of hums dies during development | |
| 530978572 | What is the cell cycle? | an orderly sequence of events that occur from the time a cell is first made until it divides into two new cells | |
| 530978573 | What are the stages that make up the interphase? | G1 stage, S Stage, G2 Stage | |
| 530978574 | What occurs during the G1 Stage? | cell growth, and cell doubles its organelles, prepares for dna replication | |
| 530978575 | What are organelles? | cell structures | |
| 530978576 | What occurs during the S Stage? | DNA replication | |
| 530978577 | What occurs during the G2 Stage? | cells make proteins needed for cell division | |
| 530978578 | What occurs during the G0 Phase? | Nerve Cells and Muscle Cells exit the cell cycle | |
| 530978579 | What occurs during the M Stage? | Mitosis and Cytokinesis | |
| 530978580 | When do the three check points of the cell cycle take place? | During G1, G2, and M Stages | |
| 530978581 | What does the check point during G1 check and what happens if something is damaged? | it checks if DNA is damaged and if it is apoptosis occurs | |
| 530978582 | What does the checkpoint i the G2 Stage do? | it checks to see if the DNA is damages and will not proceed if it is | |
| 530978583 | What does the checkpoint during the M Stage check? | if the chromosomes are properly aligned | |
| 530978584 | What is chromatin made up of? | DNA and protein | |
| 530978585 | What are histones? | packaged DNA that can fit into the nucleus | |
| 530978586 | What are chromatids? | the 2 identical chromosomes that are the result of replication | |
| 530978587 | What does the centromere do? | holds together the two chromatids | |
| 530978588 | How many chromosomes do humans have? | 46 | |
| 530978589 | What is the diploid number of chromosomes and what kind of cells have this number? | 2 chromosomes of each kind (one from each parent), they are in body cells | |
| 530978590 | What is the haploid number of chromosomes and what kind of cells have this number? | 1 of each kind of chromosome, sex cells | |
| 530978591 | What is mitiosis and is what typle of cells does it occur? | dipoid cells divid to produce diploid cells, daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell, occurs in body cells | |
| 535754400 | What occurs during late interphase? | the centrosomes duplicate and the chromatin condenses into chromosomes | |
| 535754401 | What are the two things that centrosomes include? | centrioles and asters | |
| 535754402 | What are asters? | short microtubules | |
| 535754403 | What are the three things that occur during early prophase? | - Chromosomes become visible - Centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell - Nuclear Membrane and nucleolus disappear | |
| 535754404 | What are the two things that occur during late prophase? | - Spindle Fibers form - Chromosomes become attatched to the spindle fibers (centromere) | |
| 535754405 | What occurs during metaphase? | Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate (equidistant from the poles) | |
| 535754406 | What occurs during anaphase? | - Centromeres holding sister chromatids divide - Sister chromatids dicide becoming daughter chromosomes, move towards opposite ends of cell | |
| 535754407 | What occurs during telophase? | - Spindle disappears - Nuclear membrane reappears -Chromosomes turn into chromatin -Nucleolous reappears | |
| 535754408 | What is one thing that is different about mitosis in plant cells? | Have no centriole or asters (still have centrosome and spindle) | |
| 535754409 | What does cytokinesis do? | divides the cytoplasm | |
| 535754410 | What is different about it in plants? | Newly formed cells receive a share of organelles made during interphase | |
| 535754411 | What is a cleavage furrow and where does it begin? | indentation of membrane where cell will divde, begins at the end of anaphase (only occurs in animal cells) | |
| 535754412 | What is the contractile ring and what does it do? | a band of actin and myosin filaments, slowly forms a constriction between the two daughter cells, completes the cell division (only occurs in animal cells) | |
| 535754413 | Why dont plant cells have cleavage furrows? | the plants cells have rigid cells walls that cannot form one | |
| 535754414 | What is formed instead? | a cell plate | |
| 535754415 | What forms later and what is it strengthened by? | New plant cell wall strengthened by the cellulose fibers | |
| 546122232 | Binary Fission | the proccess if asexual reproduction in prokaryotes | |
| 546122234 | How does the daughter cells compare to the parent cell? | they are identical each with a single chromosomes | |
| 546122235 | What happens after DNA replication during cells division in prokaryotes? | the two chrsomosomes separate as the cell elongates | |
| 546122238 | Meiosis | produces sex cells (gametes)- eggs and sperms reduces the number of chromosomes (haploid) | |
| 546122240 | What does this process ensure that the next generation of cells will have? | the diploid number of chromosomes a combination of traits that differs from that of either parent | |
| 546122241 | How many divisions are involded in meiosis? | two | |
| 546122243 | What does meiosis produce? | four haploid cells | |
| 546122245 | How many pairs of homologus chromosomes do humans have? | 23 | |
| 546122247 | Gametes | sex cells, what haploid daughter cells mature into | |
| 546122249 | Fertilization | fusion of egg and sperm which restores the diploid number of chromosomes | |
| 546777209 | Interkinesis | the period of time between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 | |
| 546777210 | Prophase 1 | -Nuclear Membrane and nucleolous disappears -Spindle Forms -Homogologous chromosomes pair | |
| 546777211 | Synapsis | the proces through which homologous chromosomes pair | |
| 546777212 | Metaphase 1 | homologous chromosomes line up at metaphase plate | |
| 546777213 | Anaphase 1 | homologous chromosomes separate and moves to opposite poles | |
| 546777214 | Telophase 1 | Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappears cytokinesis occurs | |
| 546777215 | Prophase II | Spindle reappears Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear Chromosomes attach to the spindle | |
| 546777216 | Metaphase II | Chromosomes line up at metaphase plate | |
| 546777217 | Anaphase II | Sister chromosomes separate becoming daughter chromosomes | |
| 546777218 | Telophase II | Spindle disappears Nuclear Membrane and nucleolus reappear Cytokinesis divides the cells | |
| 546777219 | What are the three ways genetic variation occurs? | Crossing over, Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes, Combining of chromosomes of genetically different gametes during fertilization | |
| 546777220 | Crossing-over | combining of nonsister chromatids that occurs during prophase | |
| 546777221 | Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes | separate in a random manner, possible combinations of the 23 pairs of chromosomes | |
| 546777222 | Mitosis | -DNA replication occurs only once -One Cells Division -Two diploid daughter cells genetically idetical to parents -Daughter cells identical to each other -Occurs in body cells for growth and repair | |
| 546777223 | Meiosis | DNA replication occurs only once -Two Cells Division -Four Haploid daughter cells genetically different from parents -Daughter cells different from each other -Occurs in reproductive organs for the production of gametes | |
| 546777224 | The Human Life Cycle | requires both mitosis and meiosis | |
| 546777225 | Spermatogenesis | produces 4 haploid sperm in males | |
| 546777226 | Oogenesis | produces 1 egg cells in females | |
| 546777227 | Sperm | mature spermatids with 23 chromosomes | |
| 546777228 | Polar Bodies | Meiosis II will only be completed if sperm are present, following meiosis II there is one haploid cell with up to three polar bodies | |
| 546777229 | Sperm and Egg Number of chromosomes | 23 | |
| 546777230 | Zygote number of Chromosomes | 46 (23 pairs of homologous chromosomes) |
