Terms : Hide Images
| 160365032 | personality | an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving | |
| 160365033 | psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions | |
| 160365034 | free association | in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. | |
| 160365035 | unconscious | according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware | |
| 160365036 | id | contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification | |
| 160365037 | ego | the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain | |
| 160365038 | super-ego | part of the personality that acts as a moral center; our conscience | |
| 160365039 | pleasure principle | Freud's theory regarding the id's desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain in order to achieve immediate gratification. | |
| 160365040 | reality principle | According the Freud, the attempt by the ego to satisfy both the id and the superego while still considering the reality of the situation. | |
| 160365041 | psychosexual stages | the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones | |
| 160365042 | oral stage | Freud's first stage of personality development, from birth to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center. | |
| 160365043 | anal stage | Freud's second stage of psychosexual development where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is often thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world. | |
| 160365044 | phallic stage | Freud's third stage of personality development, from about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals. | |
| 160365045 | latency | Freud's term for middle childhood, during which children's emotional drives are quieter, the psychosexual needs are repressed, and their unconscious conflicts are submerged. | |
| 160365046 | genital stage | Freud's final stage of psychosexual development where healthy sexual development occurs | |
| 160365047 | Oedipus Complex | according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father | |
| 160365048 | Electra Complex | conflict during phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals | |
| 160365049 | fixation | according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved | |
| 160365050 | libido | Sigmund Freud's terminology of sexual energy or sexual drive. | |
| 160365051 | defense mechanisms | in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality | |
| 160365052 | repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories | |
| 160365053 | regression | defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated | |
| 160365054 | denial | defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities | |
| 160365055 | reaction formation | psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. | |
| 160365056 | projection | psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others | |
| 160365057 | displacement | psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet | |
| 160365058 | rationalization | defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions | |
| 160365059 | sublimation | a defense mechanism in which unacceptable energies are directed into socially admirable outlets, such as art | |
| 160365060 | intellectualization | defense mechanism; thinking abstractly about stressful problems as a way of detaching oneself from them; Example: After learning that she has not been asked to a classmate's costume party, Tina coolly discusses how social cliques control school life. | |
| 160365061 | psychodynamic theory | an approach to personality development, based largely on the ideas of Sigmund Freud, which holds that much of behaviour is governed by unconscious forces. (a theory) | |
| 160365062 | neo-Freudians | followers of Freud who developed their own competing theories of psychoanalysis. | |
| 160365063 | collective unconscious | Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history | |
| 160365064 | archetypes | According to Jung, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning and are stored in our collective unconscious | |
| 160365065 | projective tests | a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one's inner thoughts and feelings | |
| 160365066 | Rorschach inkblot test | the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots | |
| 160365067 | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes |
