1901-1916
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| 310342572 | Recall | the act of removing an official by petition first adopted by Los Angeles in 1903. Oregon became the first state to adopt the practice in 1908. | |
| 310342573 | Initiative | allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it | |
| 310342574 | Referendum | The name given to the political process in which the general public votes on an issue of public concern. | |
| 310342575 | Conservation | ... | |
| 310342576 | Rule of Reason | under the Sherman Act, contracts or conspiracies are illegal only if they constitute an unreasonable restraint of trade or attempt to monopolize. If an agreement promotes competition, it may be legal. If it suppresses or destroys competition, it is unreasonable and illegal. | |
| 310342577 | Muckrakers | This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt. | |
| 310342578 | 17th Amendment | Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. | |
| 310342579 | 18th Amendment | Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages | |
| 310342580 | Elkins Act | 1903, Fined Railroads who gave rebates and shippers who accepted them. It gave more power than the ICC (1887) to regulate the monopolistic railroads. | |
| 310342581 | Hepburn Act | gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates and led to the discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers. | |
| 310342582 | Northern Securities Case | Roosevelt's legal attack on the Northern Securities Company, which was a railroad holding company owned by James Hill and J.P. Morgan. In the end, the company was "trust-busted" and paved the way for future trust-busts of bad trusts. | |
| 310342583 | Meat Inspection Act | 1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines. | |
| 310342584 | Desert Land Act | 1877; - the federal government sold arid land cheaply on the condition that the purchaser irrigate the thirsty soil within 3 years | |
| 310342585 | Pure Food and Drug Act | Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA. | |
| 310342586 | Forest Reserve Act | (1891) President Roosevelt used this act to protect some 172 million acres of timberland. Part of the Roosevelt conservation policy of conserving natural resources for the long term good of the public. It was to make big businesses mindful of their effect on the environment | |
| 310342587 | Carey Act | the 1894 attempt at reclamation of dry land on which the federal government would cede the land to states if the states would see to it that the land was irrigated and settled upon | |
| 310342588 | Newlands Act | authorized the use of federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects | |
| 310342589 | Dollar Diplomacy | President Taft's policy of linking American business interests to diplomatic interests abroad | |
| 310342590 | Payne-Aldrich Act | Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Republican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff). | |
| 310342591 | Ballinger-Pinchot Affair | Affair where Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate development and was criticized by Pinchot. Prompted Rooseveltians to protests, splitting Taft and Roosevelt, and the party. | |
| 310342592 | Old Guard | controlled the Republican National Committee, viewed Taft as the candidate of the conservatives, and gave him all but 19 of the delegates. Since Roosevelt did not get the delegates he needed he encouraged his progressive. supporters at a rally to follow him and leave the party. | |
| 310342593 | New Nationalism | Roosevelt's domestic platform during the 1912 election accepting the power of trusts and proposing a more powerful government to regulate them | |
| 310342594 | Square Deal | Name of TD's programs of reform. Focused on busting trusts, gov't regulation of big biz, fair chance for labor, and environmental conservation | |
| 310342595 | New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government. It sought to reign in federal authority, release individual energy, and restore competition. It echoed many of the progressive social-justice objectives while pushing for a free economy rather than a planned one. | |
| 310342596 | Underwood Tariff Bill | substantially reduced import fees. Lost tax revenue would be replaced with an income tax that was implemented with the 16th amendment. | |
| 310342597 | 16th Amendment | Allows the federal government to collect income tax | |
| 310342598 | Federal Reserve Act | This act created a central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks governed by the Federal reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the American economy today. | |
| 310342599 | Clayton Act | Corrected the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act; outlawed certain practices that restricted competition; unions on strike could no longer be considered violating the antitrust acts | |
| 310342600 | Federal Farm Loan Act | 1916 act by Wilson that made credit available to farmers at low interest, something that was long-demanded by populists. | |
| 310342601 | Workingmen's Compensation Act | 1916; granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability | |
| 310342602 | Federal Trade Commission Act | made law in 1914. empowered a presidentally appointed comission, The Federal Trade Commission, to monitor interstate industries. expected to crush monopolies at the root by attacking unfair trade practices and unlawful competition. another Wilsonian progressive attack. |
