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AP Physics B Formulas Flashcards

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377213981The three kinematics equationsVf=Vi+ at Vf²=Vi² +2ad d=1/2 a t² +vit
377213982Simple force equationF=ma
377213983On an inclined plane, gravity in the xFgx=FgCosθ
377213984On an inclined plane, gravity in the yFgy=FgSinθ
377213985Period for circular motionT=2πr/v
377213986Centripetal accelerationa=v²/r
377213987Centripetal forcef=mv²/r
377213988Critical speed isFt=0
377213989On a banked curve in circular motion, Fn in the x isFnx=FnSinθ
377213990On a banked curve in circular motion, Fn in the y isFny=FnCosθ
377213991Banked curve, sum of the forces in the xFx=mv²/r=FnSinθ
377213992Banked curve, sum of the forces in the yFy=FnCosθ-Fg
377213993Magnitude of gravitational forces between objectsF=Gm1m2/r²
377213994Work, simple formulaW=Fd=mad, direction of force must be same as direction of distance
377213995Kinetic energyKE=1/2mv²
377213996Potential energyPE=mgh
377213997Net workW=KEf-KEi
377213998Power, simple formula (mechanics)P=W/T=FD/T=FV
377213999hookes lawF=kx
377214000PE of a springPE=1/2kx²
377214001MomentumP=mv (Kg m/s) or (N s)
377214002ImpulseJ=∆vm=F∆t
377214003Elastic collisionbilliard balls, no sticking total energy is conserved
377214004Vectors in momentumpx and py are conserved
377214005torquet=Fr, force must be perpendicular to the moment arm and the axis of rotation
377214006r in torquemoment arm, perpendicular distance from the force to the axis of rotation
377214007Positive torquecounterclockwise
377214008negative torqueclockwise
377214009Period for a spring in simple harmonic motionT=2π√m/k
377214010Period for a pendulum in simple harmonic motionT=2π√l/g
377214011Energy of gravitational attractionUg= Gm1m2/r
377214012simple density formularho=m/v
377214013specific gravitySG=rho object/10³
377214014Pressure (2 formulas)P=F/A=rho(g)h
377214015Change in pressure∆P=rho(g)∆h
377214016Force buoyancy (2 formulas)Fb=mf g= rhof Vf g
377214017Net force/apparent weight in forcesFnet=Fb-Fg
377214018Net force/apparent weight broken doneFnet=rhofluid vfluid g -rho object vobject g where the volumes are usually equal
377214019Pascals principlePin=Pout=Fin/Ain=Fout/Aout
377214020Absolute pressureP=Patm + rho g h
377214021Continuity equation [Conservation of mass]A1V1=A2V2
377214022Bernoulli's Equation [Conservation of energy]P1atm + 1/2rhoV1² + rhogh= P2atm + 1/2rhoV2² + rhogh
377214023Thermal expansion∆L=(coefficient of linear expansion)αLinitial∆T
377214024ideal gas laws (2)PV=nRT PV=N (# of molecules)kb (bozons constant)T
377214025standard pressure and temperature and pressure273K and 1.013E5 pa
377214026Average kinetic energyKavg=(3/2)kbT
377214027vrms (2 equations)√3kT/m [mass per molecule] √3RT/M [molar mass]
377214028Basic thermo equation∆U=Q + W heat added= heat + work
377214029WW is positive when work is done on the system, compression W is negative when work is done by the system, expansion
377214030Isothermal processTemperature is constant ∆U=0 -Q=W
377214031Adiabatic process∆U=W no heat added system (Q=0)
377214032isobaric processPressure is constant ∆P=0 w=-P∆V
377214033isovolumetric/isochoric∆v=0 w=0 area under the curve is zero
377262615Engines (2 equations)QH=QL +W and e=W/QH
377262616Carnot engineAdiabatic and isothermal processes ec= TH-TL/
377262617Couloms law (force between two charged objects)F=kQ1Q2/r² BREAK INTO VECTORS
377262618Electric field intensityE=F/q (point charge)=KQ1/r² BREAK INTO VECTORS
377262619Voltage-charges formula (2)V=W/Q=KQ/r NO VECTORS
377262620Voltage-parallel platesV=Ed
377262621electron volts1ev=1.6E-19J
377262622CapacitanceQ=CV
377262623dialectrics insulating sheet between platesC=KepA/d
377262624Energy in a capacitor1/2QV=U
3773084191st right hand ruleshows magnetic field created by a current. Thumb in direction of the current, fingers show direction of field
3773084212nd right hand ruleon a solenoid wrap finger around direction of current, thumb will point in north pole direction
377308423force on a current carrying wire in a magnetic fieldF=BIL
3773084243rd right hand rulethumb in direction of proton, fingers in direction of magnetic field and palm will show you force
377308426force on a charged particle in a magnetic fieldF=Bvsinθq
377308428FluxFlux (in webers)=BcosθA
377308430EMF (two formulas)E=-N Change in flux/∆t=Blv (v=velocity of the wire)
377308432CurrentI=∆q/∆t
377308434Voltage (circuts)V=IR
377308436Power (circuts)P=IV
377337858Resistivity in a wireR=rho L/A A=cross sectional area
377337859Series CircuitsV=added I=constant R= added
377337860Parallel CircuitsV=constant I=added R=1/r added
377337861Kirchhoffs Junction ruleSum of all currents (I) entering=sum of all currents (I) leaving
377337862Kirchhoffs loop rule [conservation of energy]sum of voltages must be zero
377337863Voltage across a battery terminalVab=Rated voltage-IR (r=internal resistance)
377337864Capacitors in parallelV=constant Q=added C=added
377337865Capacitors in seriesV=added Q=constant C= 1/C
377337866Ammeterin series, measures current, low resistance
377337867voltmeteradded in parallel, measures volts, high resistance
377337868Simple harmonic motion, pendulumT=2π√l/g
377337869Simple harmonic motion, springT=2π√m/k
377337870Velocity of a waveV=λf
377337871Velocity of sound in a strongV=√Ft/(m/l)
377337872VsoundV=(331 +.6T) T=temp in Celsius
377337873Natural frequency open tube/not in a tubL=n/2λ
377337874natural frequencies in a closed tubeL=n/4λ has to be odd numbers
381022497snells lawn1sinθ1=n2sinθ2
381022498Total internal reflectionn1sinθ1=n2sin90
381022499F-F or NF-NFConstructive: 2t=mλ Destructive: 2t=mλ+1/2λ
381022500F-NF or vice versaConstructive: 2t=mλ+1/2λ Destructive: 2t=mλ
381022501heat flow through a window or doorq=K∆AT/L

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