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world history ch 5 enlightenment american revolution Flashcards

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285318224CopernicusEarth orbits the Sun and rotates on its axis
285318226The Social ContractWork written by Jean- Jacques Rousseau
285318228William HarveyDetermined that heart pumps blood, which circulates through body
285318230PtolemyAncient scientist who said earth was center of the universe
285318233EnlightenmentIntellectual movement that stressed reason and thought, a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason to rethink previously accepted ideas and social institutions
285318234Isaac NewtonDiscovered gravity, laws of motion, calculus
285318235Social contractAn agreement between rulers and the people, the notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others
285318236Leviathanwork written by John Locke, Written by English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, maintained that sovereignty is ultimately derived from the people, who transfer it to the monarchy by implicit contract.
285318237heliocentric theoryPlanets revolve around the sun
285318238Thomas HobbesBelieved that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority
285318239Baron de MontesquieuBelieved government should have separation of powers, wrote The Spirit of the Laws : developed the idea of the separation of powers into three branches of government
285318240Mary WollstonecraftBelieved natural rights of the Enlightenment should extend to women
285318241VoltaireBelieved in freedom of religion; separation of church and state; he admired the English freedom of the press, and religious toleration. He criticized France because of its royal absolutism and lack of freedom of thought.
285318242geocentric theoryEarth centered view of the universe
285318243Thomas JeffersonBelieved that men have inalienable rights, which government cannot abuse
285318244GalileoBuilt the first telescope; determined that other planets have moons
285318245natural lawA law based on reason that applies to all people
285318246Jean- Jacques RousseauGovernment should be a contract between rulers and people
285318247John LockeBelieved all people have a right to life, liberty, and property
285318248BeccariaBelieved in reform of the criminal justice system
285318249Catherine IIGreatly influenced by Western European thinkers, banned torture considered freeing serfs, significantly expanded borders to the south and secured a warm-water port on the Black Sea
285318250Joseph IImost aggressive reformer of his era; radical royal reformer of Austria; introduced legal reforms, freedom of the press, supported freedom of worship (even Protestants, Orthodox Christians, and Jews); ordered that peasants be paid for their labor with cash.
285318251stamp actA tax that the British Parliament placed on newspapers and official documents sold in the American Colonies
285318252federal republicgovernment in which the power is divided between the national government and the states
285318253popular sovereigntyThe concept that political power rests with the people who can direct their government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government
285318254laissez faireidea promoted by adam smith of free market economy where the government is not involved
285318255Boston Massacrebegan as a snowball fight against British troops quartered in town publicized in an engraving by Paul Revere
285318256Bill of Rightsfirst 10 amendments to the constitution
285318257Treaty of Paris 1783ended the American revolution

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