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| 579362850 | Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494, divided findings between Portugal and Spain, two main exploring countries at that time. The church got involved and are everything east of like portuguese and west of line spanish. | |
| 579362851 | Line of Demarcation | Line made in the Treadty of Tordesillas | |
| 579362852 | Caribbean | Area Spain impacted first, trying to find gold but didn't. | |
| 579362853 | Encomienda System | A spanish colonist was given land and in turn taught natives about christianity and cared for them. | |
| 579362854 | Hernan Cortes 1st Attempt | Started toward Aztec capital with 4-600 soldiers, aztec emperor housed them, riots from Aztec people began, Montezuma was killed, and Cortes made way out of city losing 3/4 of troops. | |
| 579362855 | Montezuma | Aztec emperor at time of voyages of discovery. | |
| 579362856 | Hernan Cortes 2nd Attempt | Assaulted aztec capital by water, gathers army of 200,000, builds 13 ships, takes over capital and aztec empire falls within years. | |
| 579362857 | Francisco Pizarro | Took Peru and Incan empire. had army of about 200, met emperor and demanded he convert and hand over empire. he refused so he was held hostage and then killed, upon learning that Incas had killed a spaniard, soldiers seized empire at Cuzco. | |
| 579362858 | Atahuallpa | Emperor of inca empire. | |
| 579362859 | Why did conquest work? | guns, mechanical crossbows, armor and horses were foreign to natives, spanish found weaknesses (people ruled by aztecs worked with spaniards, incas had been in civil war), diseases killed many. | |
| 579362860 | Colonial Rule | Strict rule by crown, viceroys ruled large areas. | |
| 579362861 | Religion in Conquests | Church leaders helped run government, tried to convert as many as possible. | |
| 579362862 | Economic Arrangements with Colonists | encomienda system, could only trade with spain, sugar plantations required large labor force. (required labor from natives, which led to mistreatment and importation of slaves) | |
| 579362863 | Culture Under Spanish Colonization | combination of european, native american, and african traditions. Social Structure: peninsulares, creoles, mestizos and mulattoes, native americans/africans. | |
| 579362864 | Spanish Silver | Spain finds huge mineral deposits, mostly silver: 1/5 went to crown, used to finance building empire. In colonies, spain did not focus on building other economic ventures which is why other countries profited more from the silver than spain. | |
| 579362865 | Spanish Silver in Economy | created huge stores of wealth, created incentive for capitalistic ventures, huge disruptions in economies. | |
| 579362866 | Portugese is Brazil | not as successful as Spain, focus not on new colony but on spice trade. also, brazil had jungles with made farming difficult | |
| 579362867 | French in Americas | not as many colonists, more traders, not a strong government presence, intermingled 2 cultures, different economics, no slavery, explored the interior | |
| 579362868 | French Economics in Americas | no huge silver or gold deposits, furs fish and forest were their focus. | |
| 579362869 | Samuel Champlain | French, sponsored by kings in France, looking to explore north america and make settlements in "new france". He found 1st european settlement (Port royal, acadia), 1st to explore great lakes, built permanent french settlements on st.lawrence river, built trading companies. | |
| 579362870 | Rene-Robert La Salle | French, sponsored by King Louis XIV of France. Looking to explore north america and build settlement on gulf of mexico at mouth of mississippi. Claimed mississippi river basin for france, named Louisiana. | |
| 579362871 | Marquette and Joliet | French, sponsored by King Louis XIV of France. Looking to explore north america. 1st europeans to see mississippi, traveled within 435 miles on gulf, portaged to lake michigan over chicago river. Joliet is first explorer to make discoveries born in new world. | |
| 579362872 | New Netherland | Dutch, Hudson River Valley, bought manhattan from indians. Ceded by treaty to english in 1674, dutch had more interest in spice trade than in north america. | |
| 579362873 | English in North America | Hudson bay claims, Roanoke failed (2nd european settlement after st. augustine), Jamestown (saved by tobacco, first representative assembly in america) Plymouth (founded as religious sanctuary, self-governed) | |
| 579362874 | English Colony Government | less strict than spain and france, crown granted lands the let companies or groups govern land | |
| 579362875 | English Colony Economy | more economic freedom than in spain's colonies, people left to fend for themselves | |
| 579362876 | English Colony Religion | many were trying to avoid England's national faith, not here to spread religion, some still had state religions | |
| 579362877 | English Colony Culture | no intermixing of colonists with natives, slaves were more in south and family farming in north |
