Membrane Structure and Function
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| 896088571 | amphipathic | molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid | |
| 896088572 | fluid mosaic model | structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer | |
| 896088573 | selective permeability | A property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances. | |
| 896088574 | integral protein | Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. | |
| 896088575 | peripheral proteins | protein appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer. | |
| 896088576 | glycolipid | membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to lipids | |
| 896088577 | glycoprotein | a protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it. | |
| 896088578 | transport protein | A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane. | |
| 896088579 | aquaporin | a transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane | |
| 896088580 | diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated | |
| 896088581 | concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance | |
| 896088582 | passive transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy | |
| 896088583 | osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | |
| 896088584 | tonicity | The ability of a solution to cause a cell within it to gain or lose water | |
| 896088585 | isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same | |
| 896088586 | hypotonic | having a lower concentration of solute than another solution | |
| 896088587 | hypertonic | solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution | |
| 896088588 | osmoregulation | The control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic, hypotonic, or terrestrial environments. | |
| 896088589 | plasmolysis | collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water | |
| 896088590 | facilitated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels | |
| 896088591 | ion channel | a transmembrane protein channel that allows a specific ion to flow across the membrane down its concentration gradient | |
| 896088592 | gated channel | a transmembrane protein channel that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus | |
| 896088593 | phagocytosis | the process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells | |
| 896088594 | pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment | |
| 896088595 | Receptor mediated endocytosis | allows the cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substrates by receptors to which substrates attach which are then engulfed by the cell | |
| 896088596 | endocytosis | process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane | |
| 896088597 | exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of material | |
| 896088598 | ligand | A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule. | |
| 896088599 | electrogenic pump | An ion transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane | |
| 896088600 | proton pump | An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that uses ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell, generating a membrane potential in the process | |
| 896088601 | electrochemical gradient | The diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential. | |
| 896088602 | cotransport | a single ATP powered pump that transports one solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes in this mechanism as the solute that has been actively transported diffuses back passively through a transport protein its movement can be coupled with the active transport of another substance against its concentration gradient | |
| 896088603 | membrane potential | The charge difference between a cell's cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid, due to the differential distribution of ions. Membrane potential affects the activity of excitable cells and the transmembrane movement of all charged substances. | |
| 896088604 | Na K Pump | Active transporter that moves three Na+ out of a cell and two K+ into the cell against their respective concentration gradients. | |
| 896088605 | active transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
