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SCIENCE BOWL Earth Science/Astro Flashcards

this is a collection of decks for earth science and astrology terms for science bowl

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507148654A solar eclipse can only occur at this phase of the moonNew Moon
507148655Constellation that cannot be seen in the summer sky of the northern hemisphereOrion
507148656Percent of stars in the sky that appear to be single stars are actually binary starsabout 50%
507148657The apparent speed of the Sun along the eclipticis constant
507148658In the Australian winter night skythe constellation Orion can be seen,in the northern sky
507148659The 29 ½ days it takes the Moon to complete an orbit around the Earth is called asynodic month
507148660What is NOT true about meteoriteson rare occasions, acid-etched iron meteorites display a pattern called the Widmanstatten pattern
507148661According to Kepler's Third Lawplotting the squares of the periods of the planet against the cubes of the semi- major axes of their orbits will result in what sort of graph,a straight line
507148662The time between two successive meridian transits of the Sun as observed from a stationary spot on the Earth's surface is calledan apparent solar day
507148663The hydrogen envelope that surrounds the comet's nucleus derives its hydrogen most directly frombreakdown of water by ultraviolet light
507148664At a location half-way from the Equator to the North Polewhat correctly describes the stars apparent motion,they rise and set at an angle to the horizon
507148665Light from distant galaxies comes mostly from whathigh mass stars
507148666What is NOT a superior planetVenus or Mercury
507148667Which planet has the highest escape velocityJupiter
507148668The term for the amount of energy released from each square meter of an object's surface each secondenergy flux
507148669Astronomers usually detect the electromagnetic emissions of a single neutron star in this single formradio waves
507148670An emission or bright line spectrum consists ofa series of bright lines superimposed on a black or continuous background.
507148671Maria on the moon aredarker and smoother parts of the moon's surface
507148672Another name for the PleiadesM45 or The Seven Sisters or The False Dipper
507148673A pulsating variable star whose brightness varies in a very regular time period of about 1-50 daysCepheid
507148674The part of the Sun that we can see without any instrumentsphotosphere
507148675All of Saturn's moons are composed predominantly of this substanceice
507148676Rounded off to the nearest trillionhow many miles in a light year?,six
507148677Most common type of meterorite to fall to Earth in recorded historystony
507148678Scientific names for the two regions of a sunspotumbra and penumbra
507148679The Kappa Cygnids and the Northern Delta Aquarids are names for what phenomena?meteor showers
507148680Substance responsible for Neptune's blue-green colormethane gas
507148681Common name for the phenomenon which is the result of sunlight reflecting off the Earth and faintly illuminating the darkened portion of the moonEarthshine
507148682Author of book titled "Concerning the Revolutions of Celestial Spheres" that marks the birth of modern astronomyCopernicus
507148683The celestial coordinate analogous to latitudeDeclination
507148684The point in the sky that is directly overheadZenith
507148685A meteor that reaches the surface of the Earthmeteorite
507148686Planet in our solar system with the most circular orbitVenus
507148687Mars has a thin atmosphere composed mainly of what gasCarbon Dioxide
507148688Which moon is the only other body in our solar system besides the Earth that has an atmosphere of mostly nitrogenTitan
507148689When a superior planet is at quadrature in reference to the Earth what is its elongation in degrees?90o
507148690Moon of Neptune that orbits in a retrograde directionTriton
507148691Name for the celestial body of interstellar gas and dust where stars are sometimes bornNebula
507148692In "best altitude conditions" what month in the northern hemisphere is the best time to observe the full moonDecember
507148693The work of this Harvard College Observatory scientist made possible the first accurate determination of extragalactic distances by what is often called Henrietta's LawHenrietta Leavitt
507148694Term most commonly used to refer to the actual motion that stars have in relation to each other and over many years will lead to changes in the shapes of constellationsProper Motion
507148695The constant that is the average flux of the Sun's energy arriving at the EarthSolar Constant
507148696Celestial body found after astronomers had searched for an orbital disturbance of the planet UranusPluto
507148697Sam Langley invented this instrument which allows astronomers to measure the energy output of the Sun and other starsBolometer
507148698How many half- moons in a lunar cycletwo
507148699The Persied's Meteor Showers are viewed in the State of Maine during what month?August
507148700Telescope that weighs about 11 tonshas a primary mirror 7.9 feet in diameter, and orbits about 380 miles above the earth,Hubble
507148701In the Doppler effect the correct term for the change in the color of light when an object that is emitting light is moving toward the observerBlue-Shift
507148702The thinnest layer of the Sun's atmosphereCorona
507148703The only two planets to rotate from East to WestVenus and Uranus
507148704The Magellan clouds are actually this type of celestial bodyGalaxies
507148705If the temperature of a star increases from 10000K to 30,000K, by what factor will the rate of energy radiated per second increase?,81
507148706Celestial bodies at the center of quasars and which are the main reason for their large energy emissionsBlack Holes
507148707Doughnut shaped zones of atomic particles consists of electrons and protons captured by the Earth's magnetic field from the solar windsVan Allen Belts
507148708The largest circular storm in our solar system is on the surface of which planet?Jupiter
507148709Rapidly moving stream of charged particles that is being driven away from the sunSolar Wind
507148710The biggest known asteroidCeres
507148711The Mercurian year is equal to this many days88
507148712One of the largest volcanos in our solar system is named Olympus Mons and is onMars
507148713One Jupiter day is equal to what9 hours 50 minutes
507148714Time interval between two successie occurrences of a planet (or the moon) with the sun and the eartha synodic period
507148715During the period between 1979 and 1998 the farthest planet from the sunNeptune
507148716Time it takes energy generated in the core of the sun and be radiatedOne million years
507148717The sunspot cycle is this many years11 years
507148718The Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram of stars DIRECTLY compares these TWO of the properties of starstemperature and luminosity
507148719The Andromeda Galaxy is this type of galaxyspiral
507148720About how many light years across is the Milky Way?one hundred thousand
507148721The unlucky Apollo lunar landing that was canceled after an oxygen tank explodedApollo 13
507148722Device that first proved that Earth rotates on its axisFoucault Pendulum
507148723The smallest planet in our solar systemMercury
507148724The "planet" that has a moon almost as big as the planet itselfPluto
507148725What Sally K. Ride is known forfirst woman in space
507148726The year that Neil Armstrong made his historic walk on the Moon1969
507148727The only planet in the solar system has a day which lasts longer than its yearVenus
507148728What is the heavenly body Charon?Plutos moon
507148729Where in space is Cassini's division?between two rings of Saturn
507148730The first black American astronaut in spaceGuion Bluford
507148731What is the Vostok 1?the first manned spacecraft
507148732Heliocentric means around what?the Sun
507148733Triton Neptune's moon has an ocean made ofNitrogen
507148734The first man to classify stars according to their brightnessHipparchus
507148735Reason the Schmidt telescope was specially builtsky camera
507148736The star nearest to the sunAlpha Centauri or Proxima Centauri
507148737The greatest distance of a planet from the sunaphelion
507148738The name given to very bright meteors or bolidesfireballs
507148739Atmospheric pressure of Mars compared to the earth isabout 1/200th of Earth
507148740Gas that is the main component of the atmosphere of MarsCarbon Dioxide
507148741The planet Jupiter has a mass that is greater than all the combined masses of all the other planetsall the other planets put together
507148742The moon feature that is named Copernicuscrater
507148743Day of the year on which the summer solstice usually occursJune 21
507148744When the earth is farthest from the sun it is this season in the Northern Hemispheresummer
507148745The only two moonless planetsVenus and Mercury
507148746The English nickname for this constellation is "The Chained Maiden" and what isthe astronomer's name?Andromeda
507148747In which season is the constellation "Pegasus" normally viewed?autumn
507148748The constellation in which Vega can be foundLyra
507148749The constellation in which Aldebaran can be foundTaurus
507148750The two observables in a binary star system that must be measured to make the total mass determinationseparation of the two stars and the stars period of revolution
507148751The Orion Nebula is a good example of this kind of nebulaemission nebula
507148752A major component of the interstellar media consists of charged particles which have speeds close to that of light that are calledcosmic rays
507148753A typical galaxy such as our Milky Way galaxy contains how many billion stars200 billion
507148754The path in the sky that the sun appears to traverse over the course of a yearecliptic
507148755Light rock rich in silicateWhat is the crust made up of?
507148756the coreWhich layer of the earth is the hottest, under the most pressure, and the most dense-the crust, the mantle, or the core?
507148757Continental crustWhich is thicker-continental crust or oceanic crust?
507148758Oceanic crustWhich is denser-continental crust or oceanic crust?
507148759Continental crustWhich is older-continental crust or oceanic crust?
507148760Made of heavy rocks that have iron and magnesiumWhat is the composition of the mantle?
507148761LithosphereWhich part of the mantle is rigid rock?
507148762AesthenosphereWhich parts of the mantle have soft moving currents of rock?
507148763current caused by the expansion of a liquid, solid or gas as its temperature risesconvection current
507148764AesthenosphereWhich layer of the mantle has convection currents?
507148765Magma closer to core heats up, expands, and rises (less dense). Magma closer to crust cools and sinks (denser).Describe the movement of rock in a convection current?
507148766Heat from the Earth's interiorWhat causes convection currents?
507148767lithosphere (crust and upper mantle)What layers of earth make up the plates?
507148768Plate movement is caused by convection currents of magma in the aesthenosphere.Why do plates move?
507148769The core is made of heavy metals like iron and nickel.What is the composition of the core?
5071487704300 degrees CelsiusWhat is the temperature of the core?
507148771By interpreting seismic wavesHow do we learn about Earth's interior if we cannot observe the Earth's interior directly?
507148772solid collection of minerals or mineral materialsrock
507148773Formed when magma or lava cools and hardensIgneous rock
507148774melted rock and gas below the earth's surfacemagma
507148775magma that has reached the earth's surfacelava
507148776an igneous rock that forms underground from hardened magmaintrusive rock
507148777an igneous rock that forms at Earth's surfaceextrusive rock
507148778fragments of older rock and fossils, or living things, and mineralssediment
507148779forms when fragments of rock are compacted and cemented togethersedimentary rock
507148780forms from a previous rock that is changed by heat or pressuremetamorphic rock
507148781Weathering/Deposition of Sediments/CementationWhat processes in the rock cycle form sedimentary rocks?
507148782Melting/Cooling and SolidfyingWhat processes in the rock cycle form igneous rocks?
507148783Heat and PressureWhat processes in the rock cycle form metamorphic rocks?
507148784Continents were once joined together in a super-continent called Pangaea and have since drifted apart.Continental Drift
507148785an ancient supercontinent formed about 300 million years ago which later gave rise to today's continentsPangaea
507148786Theory that the earth is made up of rigid slabs of rock (the lithosphere) that movePlate Tectonics
507148787underwater mountain chainMid-ocean ridge
507148788process by which new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges as older crust moves awaysea-floor spreading
507148789process by which oceanic crust sinks into the mantlesubduction
507148790a long deep depression where old oceanic crusts sinks into the mantletrench
507148791boundary in which tectonic plates move away from each otherdivergent boundary
507148792boundary in which tectonic plates collideconvergent boundary
507148793boundary in which tectonic plates slide past each othertransform boundary
5071487941. Continents seem to fit together like puzzle pieces. 2. Fossil records show similar plant and animal fossils on continents separated by oceans suggesting that continents were once one land mass. 3. Evidence of glaciers suggest that some continents must have been closer to the poles at one time. 4. Similarities in geological formations, like mountain chains, on different continents.What evidence supports the theory of continental drift?
507148795It couldn't explain the mechanism of how the continents moved.Why wasn't the theory of Continental Drift accepted at the time?
507148796study of the planet Earth's composition and structureGeology
507148797rocky, outer layer of earthcrust
507148798thick layer of hot but solid rock beneath Earth's crustmantle
507148799layer of relatively cool, rigid rock that includes the uppermost part of the mantle as well as Earth's crustlithosphere
507148800layer of softer, weaker rock beneath Earth's lithosphere which can flow slowlyaesthenosphere
507148801lower portion of Earth's mantlemesosphere
507148802dense sphere at Earth's center made mostly of iron and nickelcore
507148803Mid-ocean ridges, trenches, seamountsWhat are features of the sea floor?
507148804New ocean floor is created through sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges. Old ocean crust moves away and gets destroyed through subduction at a plate boundary.How is the sea floor recycled?
507148805divergentWhat plate motion makes new ocean floor?
507148806convergent (subduction)What plate motion destroys old ocean floor?
507148807Sea floor rocks become older as you move away from the Mid-ocean ridge.How does the age of sea floor rocks change as you move away from the Mid-ocean ridge?
507148808Seafloor spreading and riftingWhat types of geological events occur at divergent plate boundaries?
507148809New ocean crust forms at a fissure and old crust pushed away.What are the results of seafloor spreading?
507148810Crust thins>Land plates pull apart> Rift valley forms>Sea develops.What are the results of rifting?
507148811subduction and mountain buildingWhat types of geological events occur at convergent plate boundaries?
507148812Dense ocean plate sinks under land back into mantle.What are the results of subduction?
507148813earthquakesWhat occurs at a transform boundary?
507148814Mid-Atlantic RidgeWhere does seafloor spreading occur?
507148815Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, East African RiftWhere in the world does rifting occur?
507148816ocean trenchesWhere does subduction occur?
507148817HimalayasWhere in the world does mountain building occur at a convergent plate boundary?
507148818San Andreas faultWhere in the world is a transform fault boundary located?
507148819Movement of Earth's lithosphere that occurs when rocks in the lithosphere suddenly shift, releasing stored energyEarthquake
507148820location beneath Earth's surface where an earthquake beginsFocus
507148821location on Earth's surface directly above the focusEpicenter
507148822force that squeezes rocks together, stretches or pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directionsstress
507148823a break in a mass of rock along which movement occursFault
507148824bend in layers of rockFold
507148825device that can detect and record seismic wavesseismograph
507148826longitudinal waves similar to sound wavesP waves
507148827transverse wavesS waves
507148828waves that develop when seismic waves reach Earth's surfaceSurface waves
507148829Earthquakes are caused when stress builds when rocks along 2 sides of a fault snag and lockWhat causes earthquakes?
507148830Earthquakes occur because stress forces have exceeded the strength of a rock.Why do earthquakes happen?
507148831faults and foldsWhat does stress on rocks cause?
507148832along plate boundariesWhere do most earthquakes occur?
5071488331. accordion-like motion (up and down) 2. fastest moving waves 3. travel through solids and liquids 4. cause least amount of damageCharacteristics of P waves
5071488341. snakelike motion (back and forth) 2. moderate speed 3. travel through solids 4. cause moderate amount of damageCharacteristics of S waves
5071488351. snakelike motion (back and forth) 2. moderate speed 3. travel through solids 4. cause moderate amount of damageCharacteristics of S waves
5071488361. uses seismogram 2. measures earthquake by the size of the wavesRichter scale
5071488371. uses seismogram 2. measures earthquakes in terms of energy releasedMoment Magnitude scale
5071488381. does NOT use seismogram 2. rates earthquakes based on damage to structuresMercalli scale
507148839mountain that forms when magma reaches the surfacevolcano
507148840a pocket where magma collectsmagma chamber
507148841vertical channelpipe
507148842an opening on the surface through which magma escapesvent
507148843depression formed from collapsed volcanoescaldera
507148844region of active magma under a platehot spot
507148845wide, flat volcanoshield volcano
507148846bowl-shaped pitcrater
507148847simple, small, steep-sided volcanocinder cone
507148848volcano that forms from explosive eruptions that produce a combination of lava and ashcomposite volcano
507148849large type of intrusive igneous rock mass that can form the core of a mountain rangebatholith
507148850structure formed when magma hardens in a crack parallel to existing rock layerssill
507148851structure formed when magma hardens in a crack that cuts across rock layersdike
507148852mountain that forms when magma reaches the surfacevolcanic neck
507148853Rock inside the earth melts forming liquid magma. Magma rises through the crust erupting at the surface. Magma rises because it is less dense than the surrounding rock.Why do volcanoes erupt?
507148854Edge of the Pacific Plate where most of the world's volcanoes are foundWhat is the "Ring of Fire?"
507148855Edge of the Pacific Ocean stretching from Alaska to Japan to IndonesiaWhere is the "Ring of Fire?"
507148856subductionWhat plate motion occurs along the "Ring of Fire?"
507148857Subduction Zones, Rifting and Sea Floor Spreading, Hot SpotsWhat 3 ways can volcanoes form?
507148858Hot spot volcanoes have liquid lava that has low viscosity,high water, and low silicates.Why are eruptions quiet at hot spot volcanoes?
507148859The Hawaiian Islands were formed as seamounts grew over hot spots in the Pacific.How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?
507148860low silica/ high water content/ high temperatures/ low viscosityCharacteristics of Quiet eruptions
507148861high silica/ low water content/ low temperatures/ high viscosityCharacteristics of Explosive eruptions
507148862(1) broad/ flat, gently sloping cone (2) quiet eruptions (3) found in HawaiiCharacteristics of Shield Volcanoes
507148863(1) tall, steep, side vents (2) explosive eruptions (3) found in JapanCharacteristics of Composite Volcanoes
507148864(1) simple, small, steep sided (2) explosive eruptions (3) found in CaliforniaCharacteristics of Cinder Cone Volcanoes
507148865(1) underwater mountain (volcano) that doesn't reach the surface (2) found in HawaiiCharacteristics of Seamount Volcanoes
507148866lava plateausWhat type of non-volcanic igneous features are extrusive?
507148867sills, dikes, batholiths, volcanic necks or plugsWhat type of non-volcanic igneous features are intrusive?
507148868quasarthe brilliant center of a distant galaxy
507148869cometdirty snowball
507148870supernovadeath of a large star
507148871pulsarrapidly rotating neutron star
507148872nebulaa cloud of gas and dust
507148873planetsballs of rock, ice, or gas
507148874galaxybig group of stars
50714887514 billion yearshow long ago was the big bang?
5071488762.5 billion yearshow long ago did life appear on earth?
507148877ellipticalone of the four shapes of galaxies - most common
507148878spiralone of the four shapes of galaxies - disk shaped
507148879barred-spiralone of the four shapes of galaxies - elongated nucleus
507148880irregularone of the four shapes of galaxies - rarest type of galaxy
507148881clustera group of galaxies
507148882superclustera group of clusters
507148883ariesthe ram (zodiac)
507148884tarusthe bull (zodiac)
507148885cancerthe crab (zodiac)
507148886geminithe twins (zodiac)
507148887leothe lion (zodiac)
507148888librathe scales (zodiac
507148889virgothe virgin (zodiac)
507148890sagittariusthe archer (zodiac)
507148891scorpiusthe scorpion (zodiac)
507148892capricornusthe sea-goat (zodiac)
507148893piscesthe fishes (zodiac)
507148894aquariusthe water-carrier (zodiac)
50714889527,000,000 degreestemperature of the core of the sun
507148896sun spotsdark spots on the sun caused by disturbances of the sun's magnetic field
507148897convective zonethe area where convection cells (aka supergranules) are located
507148898supergranulemassive convection cells that are under the surface of the sun
507148899photospherethe visible surface of the sun
507148900radiative zonethe area between the sun's core and the convective zone
507148901coronaouter layer of the sun
507148902mercurythe planet closest to our sun
507148903mercurythis is a rocky planet with almost no atmosphere, a silicate mantle, and an iron core.
507148904mercurythe craters on this planet were named after famous creative people
507148905venusthe hottest planet in our solar system
507148906venusthis planet's atmosphere is made up of almost entirely carbon dioxide and has a surface almost entirely concealed by clouds
507148907earththe third planet from our sun
507148908earththis planet has an atmosphere made of 3/4 nitrogen and 1/4 hydrogen as well as a small bit of other elements.
507148909waxingthe process of earth's moon going from a new moon to a full moon
507148910waningthe process of the earth's moon going from a full moon to a new moon
507148911marsa planet that experiences earthlike seasons but has less than 1% water vapor in the atmosphere
507148912marsthis planet has a lot of iron oxide, causing its vibrant color
507148913jupiterthis planet has a core twice the size of earth
507148914europaa moon of jupiter covered in ice and water
507148915castilloa moon of jupiter covered in huge craters and dirty ice
507148916ganymedea moon of jupiter that is the largest moon in our solar system
507148917ioa moon of jupiter that has the first known active volcanoes outside of earth
507148918saturna ringed planet with 30 moons
507148919titansaturn's largest moon
507148920neptunethe farthest official planet from the sun in our solar system
507148921cordeliauranus's moon
507148922uranusa ringed planet that has moons named for shakespearian characters
507148923neptunethis planet has the 'great dark spot' and experiences no seasons
507148924tritonthis is the largest of neptune's moons and has the lowest temperature in the solar system
507148925meteordust particles and rock fragments burning in our atmosphere
507148926asteroidschunks of rock that orbit the sun
507148927meteor beltinbetween mars and jupiter's orbits, home to most of our solar system's ______s
507148928ptolemythe father of astronomy
507148929hertzsprung-russella diagram that shows the relationship between the surface temperature and color of stars

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