Psychological Disorders (14)
on Pages 550 to 593:
Terms 1 to 50
&
Treatment of Psychological Disorders (15)
on Pages 594 to 631:
Terms 51 to 82
Terms : Hide Images
| 1149266112 | Medical model | A model that proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease. | |
| 1149266113 | Diagnosis | Distinguishing one illness from another. | |
| 1149266114 | Etiology | The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness. | |
| 1149266115 | Prognosis | A forecast about the probable course of an illness. | |
| 1149266116 | Epidemiology | The study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population. | |
| 1149266117 | Prevalence | The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period. | |
| 1149266118 | Anxiety disorders | A class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety. | |
| 1149266119 | Generalized anxiety disorder | A chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat. | |
| 1149266120 | Phobic disorder | A persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger. | |
| 1149266121 | Panic disorder | Recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly. | |
| 1149266122 | Agoraphobia | A fear of going out to public places. | |
| 1149266123 | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | Persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and the urge to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions). | |
| 1149266124 | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event. | |
| 1149266125 | Concordance rate | The percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder. | |
| 1149266126 | Somatoform disorders | Physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors. | |
| 1149266127 | Somatization disorder | A disorder that is marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin. | |
| 1149266128 | Conversion disorder | A disorder that is characterized by significant loss of physical function (with no apparent organic basis), usually in a single organ system. | |
| 1149266129 | Hypochondriasis (hypochondria) | Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses. | |
| 1149266130 | Dissociative disorders | A class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity. | |
| 1149266131 | Dissociative amnesia | A sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting. | |
| 1149266132 | Dissociative fugue | People lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity. | |
| 1149266133 | Dissociative identity disorder (DID) | Involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. | |
| 1149266134 | Multiple-personality disorder | Involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. | |
| 1149266135 | Mood disorders | A class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes. | |
| 1149266136 | Major depressive disorder | People show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure. | |
| 1149266137 | Dysthymic disorder | Chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to justify diagnosis of a major depressive episode. | |
| 1149266138 | Bipolar disorder | The experience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression. | |
| 1149266139 | Manic-depressive disorder | The experience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression. | |
| 1149266140 | Cyclothymic disorder | Chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance. | |
| 1149266141 | Schizophrenic disorders | A class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior. | |
| 1149266142 | Delusions | False beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality. | |
| 1149266143 | Hallucinations | Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input. | |
| 1149266144 | Paranoid schizophrenia | Schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions of persecutions, along with delusions of grandeur. | |
| 1149266145 | Catatonic schizophrenia | Schizophrenia that is marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity. | |
| 1149266146 | Disorganized schizophrenia | Schizophrenia in which a particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen. | |
| 1149266147 | Undifferentiated schizophrenia | Schizophrenia that is marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms. | |
| 1149266148 | Negative symptoms | Behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech. | |
| 1149266149 | Positive symptoms | Behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas. | |
| 1149266150 | Personality disorders | A class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning. | |
| 1149266151 | Antisocial personality disorder | Impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms. | |
| 1149266152 | Insanity | A legal status indicating that a person can not be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness. | |
| 1149266153 | Involuntary commitment | Where people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities against their will. | |
| 1149266154 | Culture-bound disorders | Abnormal syndromes only found in a few cultural groups. | |
| 1149266155 | Eating disorders | Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with one's weight and unhealthy efforts of control weight. | |
| 1149266156 | Anorexia nervosa | Intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight. | |
| 1149266157 | Bulimia nervosa | Habitually engaging in out-of-control overeating followed by compensatory efforts, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and excessive exercise. | |
| 1149266158 | Representativeness heuristic | Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event. | |
| 1149266159 | Comorbidity | The coexistence of two or more disorders. | |
| 1149266160 | Conjunction fallacy | When people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone. | |
| 1149266161 | Availability heuristic | The estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind. | |
| 1149266162 | Clinical psychologists | Psychologists that specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems. | |
| 1149266163 | Counseling psychologists | Psychologists that specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems. | |
| 1149266164 | Psychiatrists | Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. | |
| 1149266165 | Insight therapies | Verbal interactions intended to enhance clients' self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior. | |
| 1149266166 | Psychoanalysis | An insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference. | |
| 1149266167 | Free association | In which clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible. | |
| 1149266168 | Dream analysis | The therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams. | |
| 1149266169 | Interpretation | The therapist's attempts to explain the inner significance of the client's thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviors. | |
| 1149266170 | Resistance | Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers to hinder the progress of therapy. | |
| 1149266171 | Transference | When clients unconsciously start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives. | |
| 1149266172 | Client-centered therapy | An insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy. | |
| 1149266173 | Group therapy | The simultaneous psychological treatment of several clients in a group. | |
| 1149266174 | A spontaneous remission | A recovery from a disorder that occurs without formal treatment. | |
| 1149266175 | Behavioral therapies | The application of learning principles to direct efforts to change clients' maladaptive behaviors. | |
| 1149266176 | Systematic desensitization | A behavioral therapy used to reduce phobic clients' anxiety responses through counter conditioning. | |
| 1149266177 | Aversion thereapy | A behavioral therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response. | |
| 1149266178 | Social skills training | A behavioral therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping. | |
| 1149266179 | Cognitive-behavioral treatments | Treatments that use varied combinations of verbal interventions and behavior modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking. | |
| 1149266180 | Cognitive therapy | Therapy that uses specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underly various types of disorders. | |
| 1149266181 | Biomedical therapies | Physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders. | |
| 1149266182 | Psychopharmacotherapy | The treatment of mental disorders with medication. | |
| 1149266183 | Anti-anxiety drugs | Drugs that relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness. | |
| 1149266184 | Antipsychotic drugs | Drugs that are used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions. | |
| 1149266185 | Tardive diskinesia | A neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hands, or feet. | |
| 1149266186 | Antidepressant drugs | Drugs that gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of depression. | |
| 1149266187 | Mood stabilizers | Drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders. | |
| 1149266188 | Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | A biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions. | |
| 1149266189 | Eclecticism | The practice of therapy involves drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one system. | |
| 1149266190 | Mental hospital | A medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders. | |
| 1149266191 | Deinstitutionalization | Transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community based facilities that emphasize outpatient care. | |
| 1149266192 | Placebo effects | When people's expectations lead them to experience some change even though they receive a fake treatment. | |
| 1149266193 | Regression toward the mean | When people who score extremely high or low in some trait are measured a second time and their new scores fall closer to the mean (average). |
