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| 1373024012 | democracy | A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 1 | |
| 1373024013 | pluralism | A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group. | 2 | |
| 1373024014 | republic | A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting | 3 | |
| 1373024015 | popular sovereignty | A belief that ultimate power resides in the people. | 4 | |
| 1375231534 | Limited government | ..., A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution. | 5 | |
| 1379555765 | Articles of Confederation | 1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) | 6 | |
| 1379555766 | shays rebellion | A Series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings. | 7 | |
| 1379555767 | factions | Political groups that agree on objectives and policies; the origins of political parties. | 8 | |
| 1379555768 | new jersey plan | one-house legislature with one vote for each state, the establishment of the acts of Congress as the "supreme law" of the land, and a supreme judiciary with limited power. | 9 | |
| 1379555769 | virginia plans | national government would have supreme power and a legislative branch would have two houses with representation determined by state population | 10 | |
| 1379555770 | Connecticut compromise | Agreement during the Constitutional Convention that Congress should be composed of a Senate, in which states would be represented equally, and a House, in which representation would be based on a State's population | 11 | |
| 1379555771 | habeas corpus | An order to produce an arrested person before a judge. | 12 | |
| 1379555772 | marbury v. madison | This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review | 13 | |
| 1379555773 | judicial review | Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws | 14 | |
| 1379555774 | social contract | An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed | 15 | |
| 1379555775 | federalism | A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments | 16 | |
| 1379555776 | unitary government | a centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single central agency | 17 | |
| 1379555777 | confederation | A joining of several groups for a common purpose. | 18 | |
| 1379555778 | supremacy clause | National law supersedes all other laws passed by states (Art VI), Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits. | 19 | |
| 1379555779 | 10th amendment | Asserts that powers not delegated to the national government or denied to the states are reserved to the states. | 20 | |
| 1379555780 | implied powers | Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions. | 21 | |
| 1379555781 | elastic clause | Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution. | 22 | |
| 1379555782 | full faith and credit clause | Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state | 23 | |
| 1379555783 | extradition | A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed. | 24 | |
| 1379555784 | privileges and immunities clause | A clause in Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states. | 25 | |
| 1379555785 | interstate commerce clause | Government agency organized to oversee railroad commerce | 26 | |
| 1379555786 | cooperative federalism | A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. | 27 | |
| 1379555787 | creative federalism | developed during President Lyndon Johnson's administration, it was characterized by the Great Society programs, which placed a major responsibility on federally funded programs. | 28 | |
| 1379555788 | new federalism | turned over powers and responsibilities of some U.S. federal programs to state and local governments and reduced the role of national government in domestic affairs | 29 | |
| 1379555789 | categorical grants | Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport | 30 | |
| 1379555790 | block grants | Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services | 31 | |
| 1381930334 | mandates | terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants | 32 | |
| 1381930335 | unfunded mandates | actions imposed by the federal or state government on lower levels of government which are not accompanied by the money needed to fund the action required. | 33 | |
| 1381930336 | devolution | An effort to shift responsibility for a wide range of domestic programs from Washington to the states | 34 | |
| 1381930337 | amendment process | step 1: amendment proposed by 2/3 vote of both houses of congress OR a constitutional convention called by congress on petition of 2/3 out of 50 states. THEN amendment ratified by 3/4 of the 50 state legislatures OR 3/4 of special constitutional conventions called by 50 states THEN the new amendment! | 35 | |
| 1381930338 | demographics | Characteristics such as age, sex, income, location, education, and religion | 36 | |
| 1381930339 | census | A valuable tool for understanding demographic changes. The Constitution requires that the government conduct an "actual enumeration" of the population every 10 years. | 37 | |
| 1381930341 | public opinion | A body of attitudes, beliefs, and views pertaining to specific issues held by a significant proportion of a society. | 38 | |
| 1381930344 | political culture | An overall set of values widely shared within a society | 39 | |
| 1381930347 | political spectrum | Left: Radicals, Liberals. Center: Moderate. Right: Conservatives, Reactionaries: the range of political views | 40 | |
| 1381930355 | political ideologies | Individual beliefs about politics and government | 41 | |
| 1381930356 | gender gap | A term that refers to the regular pattern by which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates. Women tend to be significantly less conservative than men and are more likely to support spending on social services and to oppose higher levels of military spending. | 42 | |
| 1381930357 | political parties | organization that tries to influence gov. policy by promoting its ideas and backing candidates for office | 43 | |
| 1381930358 | voter canvassing | calls asking people how they plan to vote or a candidate going door to door | 44 | |
| 1381930359 | gotv | A campaign's efforts to "get out the vote" or make sure their supporters vote on Election Day (also known as the ground game). | 45 | |
| 1381930360 | party realignment | Dramatic shifts in partisan preferences that drastically alter the political landscape | 46 | |
| 1381930361 | coalitions | Alliances of various parties | 47 | |
| 1381930362 | delegates | A person who is chosen or elected to represent a person or group | 48 | |
| 1381930363 | super delegate | party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses | 49 | |
| 1381930364 | third party roles | the conflict resolver | 50 | |
| 1381930365 | winner take all system | The winner of the primary or electoral college vote takes all of the state's convention or electoral college delegates. | 51 | |
| 1381930366 | multi member districts | a district in which all voters participate in the election of two or more representatives to a policymaking body, such as a city council or a state legislature | 52 | |
| 1381930367 | single member districts | An electoral district in which voters choose one representative or official. | 53 | |
| 1381930368 | proportional representation | An election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the vote. | 54 | |
| 1381930369 | patronage | (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support | 55 | |
| 1381930370 | decline of parties | ... | 56 | |
| 1381930371 | national convention | A national meeting of delegates elected in primaries, caucuses, or state conventions who assemble once every four years to nominate candidates for president and vice president, ratify the party platform, elect officers, and adopt rules. | 57 | |
| 1381930372 | party in government | The partisan identifications of elected leaders in local, county, state, and federal government. | 58 | |
| 1381930373 | party in the electorate | the voters who consider themselves allied or associated with the party | 59 | |
| 1381930374 | party identification | An informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood. | 60 | |
| 1381930375 | primaries | Election in which voters choose the candidates from each party who will run in the General Election | 61 | |
| 1381930376 | lobbying | An attempt by a group to influence the policy process through persuasion of government officials | 62 | |
| 1381930377 | pacs | Political Action Committees, raise money for candidates &/or parties | 63 | |
| 1381930378 | super pacs | May raise unlimited amounts of money to spend for or against candidates, but they may not coordinate their spending with the candidate's campaigns and their contributors must be disclosed. | 64 | |
| 1381930379 | free riders | People who benefit from the group but give little in return | 65 | |
| 1381930380 | amicus curiae briefs | Legal briefs submitted by a "friend of the court" for the purpose of raising additional points of view and presenting information not contained in the briefs of the formal parties. These briefs attempt to influence a court's decision. | 66 | |
| 1381930381 | litigation | A lawsuit. | 67 | |
| 1381930382 | nomination | A political party's official endorsement of a candidate. Generally, success in the primary elections brings momentum, money, and media attention, which ultimately helps a candidate win the nomination from their party. | 68 | |
| 1381930383 | presidential primaries | elections in which voters in a state vote for a candidate (or delegates pledged to him or her). Most delegates to the national party conventions are chosen this way. | 69 | |
| 1395260685 | super tuesday | Day when several states hold their presidential primaries (usually the second Tuesday in March) | 70 | |
| 1395260686 | caucus | A meeting of local party members to choose party officials or candidates for public office and to decide the platform. | 71 | |
| 1395260687 | midterm elections | The congressional elections that take place midway through a president's four-year term. | 72 | |
| 1395260688 | federal election campaign act | reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions. | 73 | |
| 1395260689 | soft money | Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law, usually given to parties and party committees to help fund general party activities. | 74 | |
| 1395260690 | buckley v. valeo | Candidates can use as much of their own money on their own campaigns. | 75 | |
| 1395260691 | baker v. carr | one man one vote | 76 | |
| 1395260692 | shaw v. reno | No racial gerrymandering | 77 | |
| 1395260693 | citizens united | First Amendment prohibits government from censoring political broadcasts in candidate elections when those broadcasts are funded by corporations or unions | 78 | |
| 1395260694 | issue ads | ads that focus on issues and do not explicitly encourage citizens to vote for a certain candidate | 79 | |
| 1395260695 | coattails | tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president | 80 | |
| 1395260696 | electoral college | A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president | 81 | |
| 1395260697 | retrospective voting | Basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance | 82 | |
| 1395260698 | prospective voting | Voting based on what a candidate pledges to do in the future about an issue if elected. | 83 | |
| 1395260699 | mandate | An authoritative command | 84 | |
| 1395260700 | initiative | Allows voters to petition to propose legislation and submit it for a vote by qualified voters | 85 | |
| 1395260701 | referendum | a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate | 86 | |
| 1395260702 | motor voter law | Allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices | 87 | |
| 1395260703 | political efficacy | The belief that one's political participation really matters - that one's vote can actually make a difference | 88 | |
| 1395260704 | run off elections | no candidate received a majority | 89 | |
| 1395260705 | redistricting | Drawing new boundaries of congressional districts, usually after the decennial census. | 90 | |
| 1395260706 | franking privilege | Benefit allowing members of Congress to mail letters and other materials postage-freep | 91 | |
| 1395260707 | pork barrel | Appropriations made for local projects that are often not needed but that are created so that local representatives can win re-election in their home districts | 92 | |
| 1395260708 | crossover voting | Voting by a member of one party for a candidate of another party | 93 | |
| 1395260709 | divided government | A situation in which one major political party controls the presidency and the other controls the chambers of Congress | 94 | |
| 1395260710 | mass media | A means of public communication reaching a large audience. | 95 | |
| 1395260711 | yellow journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers | 96 | |
| 1395260712 | muckraking | exposure of scandal to reform government and business conduct. | 97 | |
| 1395260713 | political bias of media | the idea that people vote according to only what they hear or see in the media; however media does usually reinforce beliefs rather than change opinion | 98 | |
| 1395260714 | sound bites | short snippets of information aimed at dramatizing a story rather than explaining its substantive meaning | 99 | |
| 1395260715 | high tech politics | A politics in which the behavior of citizens and policymakers and the political agenda itself are increasingly shaped by technology. | 100 | |
| 1395260716 | press conference | an unrestricted session between an elected official and the press | 101 | |
| 1395260717 | investigative journalism | The use of in depth reporting to unearth scandals, scams and schemes which at times puts the reporters in adversarial relationships with political leaders | 102 | |
| 1395260718 | censorship | Deleting parts of publications or correspondence or theatrical performances | 103 | |
| 1395260719 | presidential debates | allows you to see the differences between candidates, candidates agree on the number and location of debates before hand, candidates have a big impact on the debates | 104 | |
| 1395260720 | 12th amendment | Added the seperation of the president and vice president onto two different ballots | 105 | |
| 1401830412 | reapportionment | districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people | 106 | |
| 1401830413 | gerrymandering | redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. | 107 | |
| 1401830414 | article I | Executive Branch | 108 | |
| 1401830415 | constituency service | efforts by members of congress to secure federal funding for their districts and to help constituents when they have difficulties with federal agencies | 109 | |
| 1401830416 | casework | Activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals; cutting through bureaucratic red tape | 110 | |
| 1401830417 | franking | Benefit allowing members of Congress to mail letters and other materials postage-free | 111 | |
| 1401830418 | logrolling | An agreement by two or more lawmakers to support each other's bills | 112 | |
| 1401830419 | specialization | A focus on a particular activity or area of study | 113 | |
| 1401830420 | decentralization | decision-making authority is given to lower levels | 114 | |
| 1401830421 | committee system | The division of the legislative workload among several congressional bodies assigned specific issues | 115 | |
| 1401830422 | subcommittees | Divisions of existing committees formed to address specific issues | 116 | |
| 1401830423 | markup session | A meeting held by a congressional committee or subcommittee to approve, amend, or redraft a bill. | 117 | |
| 1401830424 | joint committees | Committees on which both senators and representatives serve | 118 | |
| 1401830425 | conference committee | A special joint committee appointed to reconcile differences when bills pass the two chambers of Congress in different forms. | 119 | |
| 1401830426 | standing committees | Permanent committees | 120 | |
| 1401830427 | filibuster | A lengthy speech designed to delay or kill the vote on a bill; used only in the Senate | 121 | |
| 1401830428 | cloture | A procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate. | 122 | |
| 1401830429 | legislative veto | The authority of Congress to block a presidential action after it has taken place. The Supreme Court has held that Congress does not have this power | 123 | |
| 1401830430 | appropriations | funding that must be authorized by Congress for any federal spending | 124 | |
| 1401830431 | reynolds v. sims | extended the principle of "one person, one vote" to state legislative disctricts | 125 | |
| 1401830432 | committee chairs | The most important influencers of the congressional agenda. They play dominant roles in scheduling hearings, hiring staff, appointing subcommittees, and managing committee bills when they are brought before the full house. | 126 | |
| 1401830433 | ways and means | House committee that handles tax bills | 127 | |
| 1401830434 | fiscal policy | A government policy for dealing with the budget (especially with taxation and borrowing) | 128 | |
| 1401830435 | revolving door | Employment cycle in which individuals who work for government agencies that regulate interests eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy concern. | 129 | |
| 1401830436 | litmus test | An examination of the political ideology of a nominated judge | 130 | |
| 1402959445 | executive orders | Formal orders issued by the president to direct action by the federal bureaucracy. | 131 | |
| 1402959446 | executive agreement | An agreement between the president and the leader of another country | 132 | |
| 1402959447 | roles of president | chief of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, party chief, | 133 | |
| 1402959448 | executive privilege | The power to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security. | 134 | |
| 1402959449 | lame duck | A person still in office after he or she has lost a bid for reelection | 135 | |
| 1402959450 | 22nd amendment | Amendment that created a 2 term limit on presidents. | 136 | |
| 1402959451 | 25th amendment | Amendment that creates a chain of succession for filling in the presidential seat in case of death/incapacitation. | 137 | |
| 1402959452 | impeachment | A formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office | 138 | |
| 1402959453 | cabinet | A group of advisers to the president. | 139 | |
| 1402959454 | white house staff | Personnel who run the White House and advise the President. Includes the Chief of Staff and Press Secretary | 140 | |
| 1402959455 | national security council | An agency in the Executive Office of the President that advises the president on national security | 141 | |
| 1402959456 | office of management and budget | -helps the president prepare the annual federal budget | 142 | |
| 1402959457 | council of economic advisors | a three-member body appointed by the president to advise the president on economic policy | 143 | |
| 1402959458 | pocket veto | A veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it. | 144 | |
| 1402959459 | us v. nixon | Executive privilege can not be used in a criminal case | 145 | |
| 1402959460 | bureaucracy | A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials | 146 | |
| 1402959461 | civil service | A system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service. | 147 | |
| 1402959462 | merit principle | The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill. | 148 | |
| 1402959463 | hatch act | 1939 - Prohibited federal office holders from participating actively in political campaigns or soliciting or accepting contributions. | 149 | |
| 1402959464 | pendleton act | Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons | 150 | |
| 1402959465 | independent agencies | formed by Congress to help enforce laws and regulations not covered by the executive departments | 151 | |
| 1402959466 | monetary policy | Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates. | 152 | |
| 1402959467 | discretionary authority | bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws | 153 | |
| 1402959468 | implementation | Carrying out the plan | 154 | |
| 1402959469 | bureaucratic inertia | sometimes bureaucracies are so large that they lose touch with reality and continue policies though client needs change | 155 | |
| 1407126785 | bureaucratic noncompliance | Failure or refusal to comply with in policy implementation. | 156 | |
| 1407126786 | article III | Judicial Branch | 157 | |
| 1407126787 | federal court structure | district court, court of appeals, US supreme court | 158 | |
| 1407126788 | jurisdiction | (law) the right and power to interpret and apply the law, | 159 | |
| 1407126789 | writ of certiorari | A formal writ used to bring a case before the Supreme Court. | 160 | |
| 1407126790 | oral argument | A presentation of a case given directly to a court by a lawyer | 161 | |
| 1407126791 | judicial conference | A closed meeting of the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court to discuss and vote on the cases before them; | 162 | |
| 1407126792 | judicial tenure | until life unless impeached | 163 | |
| 1407126793 | trial courts | Courts of original jurisdiction where cases begin | 164 | |
| 1407126794 | appellate courts | where cases go if they are appealed | 165 | |
| 1407126795 | district courts | Lowest level of fed. courts, where fed. cases begin & trials are held | 166 | |
| 1407126796 | circuit courts | Part of federal court system-13 federal circuit courts: one for the D.C. and 12 for the rest of the country. Also called "courts of appeal" | 167 | |
| 1407126797 | jury selection | group of people are called to serve, must determine facts of the case, also apply the law to those facts | 168 | |
| 1430676421 | civil rights | basic right to be free form unequal treatment | 169 | |
| 1430676422 | civil liberties | freedoms guaranteed | 170 | |
| 1430676423 | 14th amendment | allows for incorporation of bill of rights | 171 | |
| 1430676424 | due process | Fair application of the law. | 172 | |
| 1430676425 | establishment clause | government may not establish an official religion. | 173 | |
| 1430676426 | free exercise clause | prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion. | 174 | |
| 1430676427 | prior restraint | A government can't prevent material from being published. | 175 | |
| 1430676428 | libel | A written defamation of a person's character, reputation, business, or property rights. | 176 | |
| 1430676429 | slander | spoken defamation | 177 | |
| 1430676430 | lemon test | 1)secular legislative purpose; 2)not advancing or inhibiting religion; 3)not result in an "excessive government entanglement" with religion | 178 | |
| 1430676431 | wall between church and state | Establishment Clause | 179 | |
| 1430676432 | probable clause | Reasonable cause for issuing a search warrent or making an arrest; more than a mere suspicion. | 180 | |
| 1430676433 | self incrimination | testifying against oneself | 181 | |
| 1430676434 | eminent domain | Power of a government to take private property for public use; the U.S. Constitution gives national and state governments this power and requires them to provide just compensation for property so taken. | 182 | |
| 1430676435 | miranda rights | Rights possessed by persons who are arrested by the police. (Remain silent, Attorney, etc.) | 183 | |
| 1430676436 | capital punishment | Death Penalty | 184 | |
| 1430676437 | bill of attainder | A legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial | 185 | |
| 1430676438 | sedition | behavior that promotes rebellion or civil disorder against the state | 186 | |
| 1430676439 | 24th amendment | Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national elections. | 187 | |
| 1440153779 | voir dire | "To Speak the Truth (jury selection | 188 | |
| 1440153780 | jury sequestration | Physical isolation of the jury from the rest of society | 189 | |
| 1440153781 | senatorial courtesy | Presidential custom of submitting the names of prospective appointees for approval to senators from the states in which the appointees are to work. | 190 | |
| 1440153782 | solicitor general | in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government. | 191 | |
| 1440153783 | plaintiff | A person or party filing a lawsuit | 192 | |
| 1440153784 | prosecutor | a government official who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state | 193 | |
| 1440153785 | defendant | In a criminal action, the person or party accused of an offense. | 194 | |
| 1440153786 | civil law | A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights. | 195 | |
| 1440153787 | criminal law | A law that defines crimes against the public order. | 196 | |
| 1440153788 | burden of proof | Each Element must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. if not, must acquit | 197 | |
| 1440153789 | litigants | people engaged in a lawsuit | 198 | |
| 1440153790 | class action suit | A case brought by someone to help him or her and all others who are similarly situated | 199 | |
| 1440153791 | precedents | Standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes | 200 | |
| 1440153792 | per curium decision | supreme court decision that are announced without legal explanation or without a majority opinion | 201 | |
| 1440153793 | writ of mandamus | Court order directing an official to perform an official duty | 202 | |
| 1440153794 | seriatim opinions | -each justice writes their own opinion | 203 | |
| 1440153795 | roger taney | chief justice of the supreme court who wrote an opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case that declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional | 204 | |
| 1440153796 | earl warren | Chief Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes. | 205 | |
| 1442992287 | affirmative action | A policy designed to redress past discrimination to improve their economic and educational opportunities | 206 | |
| 1442992288 | equal protections clause | Portion of the 14th amendment which states that every citizen in the United States receives equal protection under the law; legislation may not be imposed to disadvantage a particular group. | 207 | |
| 1442992289 | civil rights act of 1964 | - no discrimination on color, race, religion, sex, or national origin | 208 | |
| 1442992290 | voting rights act of 1965 | 1965; invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks | 209 | |
| 1442992291 | mandatory spending | Required govt spending by permanent laws | 210 | |
| 1442992292 | entitlements | Benefits to which every eligible person has a legal right and that the government cannot deny. | 211 | |
| 1442992293 | discretionary spending | Federal spending on programs that are controlled through the regular budget process | 212 | |
| 1442992294 | federal reserve | 1913 - central banking system of the US - created by the Federal Reserve Act - quasi public system | 213 | |
| 1442992295 | inflation | A continuous rise in the price of goods and services | 214 | |
| 1442992296 | progressive era | 1890-1920- period of reform | 215 | |
| 1442992297 | social regulation | Government regulation of the quality and safety of products as well as the conditions under which goods and services are produced | 216 | |
| 1442992298 | clean air act | Set emission standards for cars, and limits for release of air pollutants | 217 | |
| 1442992299 | monroe doctrine | an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers | 218 | |
| 1442992300 | roosevelt corollary | Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs | 219 | |
| 1442992301 | truman doctrine | 1947 - Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism. | 220 | |
| 1442992302 | marshall plan | A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) | 221 | |
| 1442992303 | containment | American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world | 222 | |
| 1442992304 | surrogate wars | Wars that are not face to face for 2 other countries at war. For instance: U.S. and Russia fighting in North and South Korea. | 223 | |
| 1442992305 | detente | A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon. | 224 |
