1. Consciousness can take many forms, while other mental processes occur simultaneously outside our awareness.
2. Consciousness changes in cycles that correspond to our biological rhythms and to the patterns of stimulation in our environment.
3. An altered state of consciousness is modified by mental, behavioral, or chemical means.
Terms : Hide Images
| 1296902828 | Consciousness | Awareness of ourselves and our environment | 1 | |
| 1296902830 | Cognitive Neuroscience | An interdisciplinary field involving cognitive psychology, neurology, biology, computer science, linguistics, and specialists from other fields who are interested in the connection between mental processes and the brain. | 2 | |
| 1296902832 | Non conscious Processes | Any brain processes that does not involve conscious processing, including both precociousness memories and unconscious processes. | 3 | |
| 1296902834 | Preconciousness memories | Information that is not currently in consciousness but can be recalled to consciousness voluntarily or after something calls attention to them. | 4 | |
| 1296902836 | Unconsciousness | In classic Freudian theory, apart of the mind that houses memories, desires, and feelings that would be threatening if brought to consciousness. Many modern cognitive psychologist view the unconscious in less sinister terms, maerely as a collection of mental processes that operate outside of awareness - but not typically suppressing information or working at odds with consciousness. | 5 | |
| 1296902838 | Daydreaming | A common (and quite normal) variation of consciousness in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the immediate situation. | 6 | |
| 1296902840 | Circadian rhythms | Physiological patterns that repeat approximately every 24 hours, such as the sleep-wakeful cycle. controlled by suprachasmic nucleus | 7 | |
| 1296902841 | REM sleep | A stage of sleep that occurs approximately every 90 minutes, marked by bursts of rapid eye movements occurring under closed eyelids. REM sleep periods are associated with dreaming. | 8 | |
| 1296902842 | Non-REM (NREM) sleep | The recurring periods, mainly associated with the deeper stages of sleep, when a sleeper is not showing rapid eye movements. | 9 | |
| 1296902843 | Sleep paralysis | A condition in which a sleeper is unable to move any of the voluntary muscles, except those controlling the eyes. Sleep paralysis normally occurs during the REM sleep. | 10 | |
| 1296902844 | REM rebound | A condition of increased REM sleep caused by REM-sleep deprivation. | 11 | |
| 1296902845 | Sleep debt | A sleep deficiency caused by not getting the amount of sleep that one requires for optimal functioning. | 12 | |
| 1296902846 | Manifest content | The story line of a dream, taken at face value without interpretation. | 13 | |
| 1296902847 | Latent content | The symbolic meaning of objects and events in a dream | 14 | |
| 1296902848 | Activation-synthesis theory | The theory that dreams begin with random electrical activation coming from the brain stem. Dreams, then, are the brain's attempt to make sense of - to synthesize - this random activity. | 15 | |
| 1296902849 | Insomnia | The most common of sleep disorders - involving insufficient sleep, the inability to fall asleep quickly, frequent arousal, or early awakenings. | 16 | |
| 1296902850 | Sleep apnea | A respiratory disorder in which the person intermittently stops breathing many times while asleep. | 17 | |
| 1296902851 | Night terrors | Deep sleep episodes that seem to produce terror, although any terrifying mental experience (such as a dream) is usually forgotten upon awakening. Night terrors occur mainly in children. | 18 | |
| 1296902852 | Narcolepsy | A disorder of REM sleep, involving sleep-onset REM periods and sudden daytime REM-sleep attacks usually accompanied by catalepsy. | 19 | |
| 1296902853 | Catalepsy | Sudden loss of muscle control. | 20 | |
| 1296902854 | Hypnosis | An induced state of awareness, usually characterized by heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and highly focused attention. | 21 | |
| 1296902855 | Meditation | A state of consciousness induced by focusing on a repetitive behavior, assuming certain body positions, and minimizing external stimulation. Meditation may be intended to enhance self-knowledge, well-being, and spirituality. | 22 | |
| 1296902856 | Psychoactive drugs | Chemicals that affect mental processes and behavior by their effects on the brain. | 23 | |
| 1296902857 | Hallucinogens | Drugs that create hallucinations or alter perceptions of the external environment and inner awareness. | 24 | |
| 1296902858 | Opiates | addictive, depressant, suppresses endorphins | 25 | |
| 1296902859 | Depressants | Drugs that slow down mental and physical activity by inhibiting transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system. | 26 | |
| 1296902860 | Physical dependence | A process by which the body adjusts to, and comes to need, a drug for its everyday functioning. | 27 | |
| 1296902861 | Addiction | A condition in which a person continues to use a drug despite its adverse effects - often despite repeated attempts to discontinue using the drug. Addiction may be based on physical or psychological dependence. | 28 | |
| 1296902862 | Withdrawal | A pattern of uncomfortable or painful physical symptoms and cravings experienced by the user when the level of drug is decreased or the drug is eliminated. | 29 | |
| 1296902863 | Psychological dependence | A desire to obtain or use a drug, even though there is no physical dependence. | 30 | |
| 1296902864 | disassociation | split between different levels of consciousness | 31 | |
| 1296902865 | levels of awareness | low, middle, and high | 32 | |
| 1296902866 | common states of consciousness | being awake controlling processing alternate state | 33 | |
| 1296902867 | sleep deprivation | reduced cognitive motor performance; mood alterations; decreased self esteem; and increased cortisol (a sign of stress). | 34 | |
| 1296902868 | views of dreams | wish fulfillment; activation-synthesis hypothesis; and cognitive view of dreams | 35 | |
| 1296902869 | examples of hallucinogens | LSD, marijuana | 36 | |
| 1296902870 | examples of stimulants | amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, caffeine, nicotine | 37 | |
| 1296902871 | examples of depressants | alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, opiates (narcotics) | 38 | |
| 1296907580 | Reticular Formation | plays a critical role in sleep and arousal | 39 | |
| 1296907581 | examples of neurotransmitters | serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine | 40 | |
| 1296912061 | sleep stage 1 | theta waves slower frequency and greater amplitude | 41 | |
| 1296912066 | sleep stage 2 | theta waves sudden increase in wave frequency sleep spindles | 42 | |
| 1296912068 | Stage 3 | < 50% delta waves slowest frequency and highest amplitude | 43 | |
| 1296912070 | Stage 4 | > 50% delta waves difficult to wake sleepers | 44 |
