AP US chapter 8 studyguide
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| 468454327 | mercenary | a professional soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay | 1 | |
| 468454328 | indictment | a formal written accusation charging someone with a crime | 2 | |
| 468454329 | dictatorship | a form of government characterized by absolute state power and the unlimited authority of the ruler | 3 | |
| 468454330 | neutral | a nation or person not taking sides in a war | 4 | |
| 468454331 | civilian | a citizen not in military service | 5 | |
| 468454332 | traitor | one who betrays a country by aiding an enemy | 6 | |
| 468454333 | confiscate | to seize private property for public use, often as a penalty | 7 | |
| 468454334 | envoy | a messenger or agent sent by a government on official business | 8 | |
| 468454335 | rabble | a mass of disorderly and crude common people | 9 | |
| 468454336 | arsenal | a place for making or storing weapons and ammunition | 10 | |
| 468454337 | isolationist | concerning the belief that a country should take little or no part in foreign affairs, especially through alliances or wars | 11 | |
| 468454338 | hereditary | passed down from generation to generation | 12 | |
| 468454339 | blockade | the isolation of a place by hostile ships or troops | 13 | |
| 468454340 | privateer | a private vessel temporarily authorized to capture or plunder enemy ships in wartime | 14 | |
| 468454341 | graft | taking advantage of one's official position to gain money or property by illegal means | 15 | |
| 468454342 | during the period of fighting between April 1775 and July 1776, the colonists claimed that their goal was... | to restore their rights within the British Empire | 16 | |
| 468454343 | George Washington proved to be an especially effective commander of american forces in the Revolution because... | of his integrity, courage, and moral forcefulness | 17 | |
| 468454344 | the bold American military strategy that narrowly failed in December 1775 involved... | an invasion of Canada by generals Arnold and Montgomery | 18 | |
| 468454345 | many of the German hessian soldiers hired by King George III to fight for the British... | had little loyalty to the British cause and ended up deserting | 19 | |
| 468454346 | Thomas Paine's appeal for a new republican form of government attracted many Americans because... | their own experience with local and colonial democratic governance had prepared them for the idea | 20 | |
| 468454347 | Paine's Common Sense was crucial in convincing many Americans that what they should fight for was... | an independent and republican America separate from Britain | 21 | |
| 468454348 | the loyalists were particularly strong among... | conservative and well-off Americans | 22 | |
| 468454349 | Besides George Washington, the most militarily effective American officer in the early campaigns of 1776 and 1777 was... | General Benedict Arnold | 23 | |
| 468454350 | The Battle of Saratoga was a key turning point of the War for Independence because... | it brought about crucial French assistance to the Revolutionary cause | 24 | |
| 468454351 | The primary reason that Americans were willing to enter a military and diplomatic alliance with France in 1778 was... | the practical self-interest of needing assistance to defeat the British | 25 | |
| 468454352 | the British especially relied on the numerous Loyalists to aid them in fighting the Patriots... | in the Carolinas | 26 | |
| 468454353 | most of the Six Nations of the Iroquois under Joseph Brant fought against the American revoluntionaries because... | they believed that a victorious Britain would contain westward American expansions | 27 | |
| 468454354 | The British defeat at Yorktown was brought about by George Washington's army and... | the French navy under Admiral de Grasse | 28 | |
| 468454355 | In the peace negotiations at Paris, the French wanted the Americans... | to aquire only the territory east of the Appalachian Mountains | 29 | |
| 468454356 | The British yielded the Americans a generous peace treaty that included the western territories primarily because of... | the desire of the weak Whig ministry in London for friendly future relations with the United States | 30 | |
| 468454357 | Second Continental Congress | the body that chose Washington commander of the Continental Army | 31 | |
| 468454358 | Canada | the British colony that Americans invaded in hopes of adding it to the rebellious thirteen | 32 | |
| 468454359 | Common Sense | the inflammatory pamphlet that demanded independence and heaped scorn on "the Royal Brute of Great Britain" | 33 | |
| 468454360 | Declaration of Independence | the document that provided a lengthy explanation and justification of Richard Henry Lee's resolution that was passed by Congress on July 2, 1776 | 34 | |
| 468454361 | Rebels | the term(s) by which the American Patriots were commonly known, to distinguish them from the American "Tories" | 35 | |
| 468454362 | Loyalists | another name for the American Tories | 36 | |
| 468454363 | Anglican | the church body most closely linked with Tory sentiment, except in Virginia | 37 | |
| 468454364 | Hudson River | the river valley that was the focus of Britain's early military strategy and the scene of Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga in 1777 | 38 | |
| 468454365 | Armed Neutrality | term for the alliance of Catherine the Great of Russia and other European powers who did not declare war but assumed a hostile neutrality toward Britain | 39 | |
| 468454366 | South Carolina | the region that saw some of the Revolution's most bitter fighting, from 1780 to 1782, between American General Greene and British General Cornwallis | 40 | |
| 468454367 | Privateers | "legalized pirates" more than a thousand strong, who inflicted heavy damage on British shipping | 41 | |
| 468454368 | Whigs | British political party that replaced Lord North's Tories in 1782 and made a generous treaty with the United States | 42 | |
| 468454369 | Mississippi River | the western boundary of the United States established in the Treaty of Paris | 43 | |
| 468454370 | militia | the irregular American troops who played a crucial role in swaying the neutral civilian population toward the Patriot cause | 44 | |
| 468454371 | Holand | the other European nation besides France and Spain that supported the American Revolution by declaring war on Britain | 45 | |
| 468454372 | George Washington | a weathly virginian of great character and leadership abilities who served his country without pay | 46 | |
| 468454373 | Bunker Hill | military engagement that led King George III officially to delcare the colonists in revolt | 47 | |
| 468454374 | Benedict Arnold | brilliant American general who invaded Canada, foiled Burgoyne's invasion, and then betrayed his country in 1780 | 48 | |
| 468454375 | Thomas Paine | a radical British immigrant who put an end to American toasts to King George | 49 | |
| 468454376 | Richard Henry Lee | fiery Virginian and author of the official resolution of July 2, 1776, formally authorizing the colonies' independence | 50 | |
| 468454377 | Thomas Jefferson | author of an explanatory indictment, signed on Jul 4, 1776, that accused George III of establishing a military dictatorship | 51 | |
| 468454378 | Loyalists | Americans who fought for King George and earned the contempt of Patriots | 52 | |
| 468454379 | General Burgoyne | blundering British general whose slow progress south from Canada ended in disaster at Saratoga | 53 | |
| 468454380 | General Howe | British general who chose to enjoy himself in New York and Philadelphia rather tha nvigorously pursue the American enemy | 54 | |
| 468454381 | Benjamin Franklin | American diplomat who forged the alliance with France and later secured a generous peace treaty | 55 | |
| 468454382 | George Rogers Clark | leader whose small force conquered key British forts in the West | 56 | |
| 468454383 | John Paul Jones | american naval commander who successfully harassed British shipping | 57 | |
| 468454384 | Saratoga | the decisive early battle of the revolution that led to the alliance with France | 58 | |
| 468454385 | Yorktown | the British defeat that led to the fall of North's government and the end of the war | 59 | |
| 468454386 | Joseph Brant | Mohawk chief who led many Iroquois to fight with Britain against American revolutionaries | 60 |
