Regulation of Gene Express
AP Biology 7th Edition Campbell-Reece
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| 1321612321 | operator | in prokaryotic DNA, a sequence of nucleotides near the start of an operon to which an active repressor can attach; the binding of the repressor prevents RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter and transcribing genes of the operon | 0 | |
| 1321612322 | repressor | A protein that suppresses the transcription of a gene. | 1 | |
| 1321612323 | regulatory gene | A gene that codes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes. | 2 | |
| 1321612324 | operon | A unit of genetic function common in bacteria and phages, consisting of coordinately regulated clusters of genes with related functions. | 3 | |
| 1321612325 | corepressor | a small molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off | 4 | |
| 1321612326 | inducer | A specific small molecule that inactivates the repressor in an operon. | 5 | |
| 1321612327 | cyclic AMP | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a ring-shaped molecule made from ATP that is a common intracellular signaling molecule (second messenger) in eukaryotic cells (for example, in vertebrate endocrine cells). It is also a regulator of some bacterial operons. | 6 | |
| 1321612328 | activator | A protein that binds to DNA and stimulates transcription of a specific gene. | 7 | |
| 1321612329 | differential gene expression | The expression of different sets of genes by cells with the same genome. | 8 | |
| 1321612330 | histone acetylation | The attachment of acetyl groups to certain amino acids of histone proteins. | 9 | |
| 1321612331 | genomic imprinting | A phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent | 10 | |
| 1321612332 | epigenetic inheritance | Inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence. | 11 | |
| 1321612333 | control elements | A segment of noncoding DNA that helps regulate transcription of a gene by binding proteins called transcription factors | 12 | |
| 1321612334 | enhancers | DNA segment containing multiple control elements that may be located far away from the gene it regulates | 13 | |
| 1321612335 | alternative RNA splicing | A type of eukaryotic gene regulation at the RNA-processing level in which different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns | 14 | |
| 1321612336 | morphogens | A substance that provides positional information in the form of a concentration gradient along an embryonic axis. | 15 | |
| 1321612337 | proteasomes | A giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin | 16 | |
| 1321612338 | microRNA | small, single-stranded RNA molecule that binds to a complementary sequence in mRNA molecules and directs associated proteins to degrade or prevent translation of the target mRNA | 17 | |
| 1321612339 | RNA interference | technique to silence the expression of selected genes in nonmammalian organisms; uses synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules matching the sequence of a particular gene to trigger the breakdown of the gene's messenger RNA | 18 | |
| 1321612340 | small interfering RNA | is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 nucleotides in length. It's role is involvement in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, where it interferes with the expression of a specific gene. | 19 | |
| 1321612341 | cell differentiation | The structural and functional divergence of cells as they become specialized during a multicellular organism's development; dependent on the control of gene expression. | 20 | |
| 1321612342 | morphogeneis | development of body shape and organization | 21 | |
| 1321612343 | cytoplasmic determinants | The maternal substances in the egg that influence the course of early development by regulating the expression of genes that affect the developmental fate of cells. | 22 | |
| 1321612344 | induction | the ability of one group of embryonic cells to influence the development of another | 23 | |
| 1321612345 | pattern formation | The ordering of cells into specific three-dimensional structures, an essential part of shaping an organism and its individual parts during development. | 24 | |
| 1321612346 | positional formation | Signals to which genes regulating development respond, indicating a cell's location relative to other cells in an embryonic structure | 25 | |
| 1321612347 | homeotic genes | Any of the genes that control the overall body plan of animals by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells. | 26 | |
| 1321612348 | embryonic lethals | Mutations with phenotypes leading to death at the embryo or larval stage. | 27 | |
| 1321612349 | maternal effect gene | A gene that, when mutant in the mother, results in a mutant phenotype in the offspring, regardless of the genotype. | 28 | |
| 1321612350 | egg polarity gene | Another name for a maternal effect gene, a gene that helps control the orientation (polarity) of the egg. | 29 | |
| 1321612351 | determination | progressive restriction of developmental potential, causing the possible fate of each cell to become more limited as the embryo develops | 30 |
