The Gilded and Industrial Age
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| 103954559 | Coalition | A temporary alliance of political factions or parties for some specific purpose. | 0 | |
| 103954560 | Corner | To gain exclusive control of a commodity in order to fix its price. | 1 | |
| 103954561 | Censure | An official statement of condemnation passed by a legislative body against one of its members or some other official of government. | 2 | |
| 103954562 | Amnesty | A general pardon for offenses or crimes against a government. | 3 | |
| 103954563 | Civil Service | Referring to regular employment by government according to a standardized system of job descriptions, merit qualifications, pay, and promotion, as distinct from political appointees who receive positions based on affiliation and party loyalty. (System of choosing federal employees on the basis of merit rather that patronage introduced by the Pendleton Act of 1883.) | 4 | |
| 103954564 | Unsecured Loans | Money loaned without identification of collateral (existing assets) to be forfeited in case the borrower defaults on the loan. | 5 | |
| 103954565 | Contraction | In finance, reducing the available supply of money, thus tending to raise interest rates and lower prices. | 6 | |
| 103954566 | Deflation | An increase in the value of money in relation to available goods, causing prices to fall. | 7 | |
| 103954567 | Inflation | a decrease in the value of money in relation to goods, causes prices to rise. | 8 | |
| 103954568 | Fraternal Organization | A society of men drawn together for social purposes and sometimes to pursue other common goals. | 9 | |
| 103954569 | Consensus | Common or unanimous opinion. | 10 | |
| 103954570 | Kickback | The return of a portion of the money received in a sale or contract, often secretly or illegally, in exchange for favors. | 11 | |
| 103954571 | Lien | A legal claim by a lender or another party on a borrower's property as a guarantee against repayment and prohibiting sale of the property. | 12 | |
| 103954572 | Assassination | Politically motivated murder of a public figure | 13 | |
| 103954573 | Laissez-faire | The doctrine of noninterference, especially by the government, in matters of economics or business (literally, "leave alone") | 14 | |
| 103954574 | Pork Barrel | In American politics, government appropriations for political purposes, especially projects designed to please a legislator's local constituency. | 15 | |
| 103954575 | The Credit Mobiler Scandal | Involved railroad corruption fraud and the subsequent bribery of congressmen | 16 | |
| 103954576 | How The Political System of The "Gilded Age" Was Characterized | Strong party loyalties, high voter turnout, and few disagreements on foreign-policy issues. | 17 | |
| 103954577 | The Key Tradeoff Featured In The Compromise of 1877 | Republicans got the presidency in exchange for the final removal of federal troops from the South. | 18 | |
| 103954578 | The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 | Revealed the growing threat of class warfare in response to the economic depression of the mid-1870s. | 19 | |
| 103954579 | Patronage | The primary goal for which all factions in both political parties contended during the Gilded Age. | 20 | |
| 103954580 | Waving The Bloody Shirt | The symbol of the Republican political tactic of attacking Democrats with reminders of the Civil War. | 21 | |
| 103954581 | Credit Mobiler Liberal | Corrupt construction company whose bribes and payoffs to congressmen and others created a major Grant administration scandal. | 22 | |
| 103954582 | Republican Party | Short-lived third party of 1872 that attempted to curb Grant administration corruption. | 23 | |
| 103954583 | Silver Greenback | Precious metal that "soft-money" advocates demanded be coined again to compensate for the "Crime of '73". | 24 | |
| 103954584 | Labor Party | "Soft-money" third party that polled over a million votes and elected fourteen congressmen in 1878 by advocating inflation. | 25 | |
| 103954585 | Gilded Age | Mark Twain's sarcastic name for the post-Civil War era, which emphasized its atmosphere of greed and corruption | 26 | |
| 103954586 | Grand Army of The Republic | Civil War Union veteran's organization that became a potent political bulwark of the Republican part in the late nineteenth century | 27 | |
| 103954587 | Stalwarts | Faction of the republican party led by Roscoe Conkling who favored high tariffs, hard money, and the spoils system. He also opposed all attempts at civil-service reform. | 28 | |
| 103954588 | Half Breeds | Republican party faction led by Senator James G. Blaine that paid lip service to the government reform while still battling for patronage and spoils. | 29 | |
| 103954589 | Compromise of 1877 | The complex political agreement between Republicans and Democrats that resolved the bitterly disputed election of 1876 | 30 | |
| 103954590 | Chinese | Asian immigrant group the experienced discrimination on the West Coast. | 31 | |
| 103954591 | McKinley Tariff | Sky-high Republican tariff of 1890 that caused widespread anger among farmers in the Midwest and the South. | 32 | |
| 103954592 | Populists | Insurgent political party that gained widespread support among farmers in the 1890s. | 33 | |
| 103954593 | Grandfather Clause | Notorious clause in southern voting laws that exempted from literacy tests and poll taxes anyone whose ancestors had voted in 1860, thereby excluding blacks. | 34 | |
| 103954594 | Ulysses S. Grant | Great military leader whose presidency foundered in corruption and political ineptitude. | 35 | |
| 103954595 | Jim Fisk | Bold and unprincipled financier whose plot to corner the U.S. gold market nearly succeeded in 1869. | 36 | |
| 103954596 | Boss Tweed | Heavyweight New York political boss whose widespread fraud landed him in jail in 1871. | 37 | |
| 103954597 | Horace Greeley | Colorful, eccentric newspaper editor who carried the Liberal, Republican, and Democratic banners against Grant in 1872. | 38 | |
| 103954598 | Jay Cooke | Wealthy New York financier whose bank collapse in 1873 set off an economic depression. | 39 | |
| 103954599 | Denis Kearney | Irish-born leader of the anti-Chinese movement in California. | 40 | |
| 103954600 | Tom Watson | Radical Populist leader whose early success turned sour, and who then became a vicious racist. | 41 | |
| 103954601 | Roscoe Conkling | Imperious New York senator and leader of the "Stalwart" faction of Republicans. | 42 | |
| 103954602 | James G. Blaine | Charming but corrupt "Half-Breed" Republican senator and presidential nominee in 1884. | 43 | |
| 103954603 | Rutherford B. Hayes | Winner of the contested 1876 election who presided over the end of Reconstruction and a sharp economic downturn. | 44 | |
| 103954604 | James Garfield | President whose assassination after only a few months in office spurred the passage of a civil-service law. | 45 | |
| 103954605 | Jim Crow | Term for the racial segregation laws imposed in the 1890s. | 46 | |
| 103954606 | Grover Cleveland | First Democratic president since the Civil War, defender of laissez-faire economics and low tariffs. | 47 | |
| 103954607 | William Jennings Bryan | Eloquent young Congressman from Nebraska who became the most prominent advocate of "free silver" in the early 1890s. | 48 | |
| 103954608 | Pool | In business, an agreement to divide a given market in order to avoid competition. | 49 | |
| 103954609 | Rebate | A return of a portion of the amount paid for goods or services. | 50 | |
| 103954610 | Free Enterprise | An economic system that permits unrestricted entrepreneurial business activity; capitalism. | 51 | |
| 103954611 | Regulatory Commission | In American government, any of the agencies established to control a special sphere of business or other activity; members are usually appointed by the president and confirmed by Congress. | 52 | |
| 103954612 | Trust | A combination of corporations, usually in the same industry, in which stockholders trade their stock to a central board in exchange for trust certificates. | 53 | |
| 103954613 | Syndicate | An association of financiers organized to carry out projects requiring very large amounts of capital. | 54 | |
| 103954614 | Patrician | Characterized by noble or high social standing. | 55 | |
| 103954615 | Plutocracy | Government by the wealthy. | 56 | |
| 103954616 | Third World | Term developed during the Cold War for the non-Western and non-communist nations of the world, most of them formerly under colonial rule and still economically poor and dependent. | 57 | |
| 103954617 | Socialist (Socialism) | Political belief in promoting social and economic equality through the ownership and control of the major means of production by the whole community rather than by individuals or corporations. | 58 | |
| 103954618 | Radical | One who believes in fundamental change in the political, economic, or social system. | 59 | |
| 103954619 | Lockout | The refusal by an employer to allow employees to work unless they agree to his or her terms. | 60 | |
| 103954620 | Yellow Dog Contract | A labor contract in which an employee must agree not to join a union as a condition of holding the job. | 61 | |
| 103954621 | Cooperative | An organization for producing, marketing, or consuming goods in which the members share the benefits. | 62 | |
| 103954622 | Anarchist (anarchism) | Political belief that all organized, coercive government is wrong in principle, and that society should be organized solely on the basis of free cooperation. | 63 | |
| 103954623 | James J. Hill | The most efficient and public-minded of the early railroad-building industrialists He also assisted farmers in the northern areas served by his rail lines. | 64 | |
| 103954624 | "Vertical Integration" | Andrew Carnegie's industrial system which involved the combination of all phases of the steel industry from mining to manufacturing into a single organization | 65 | |
| 103954625 | Land Grants | Federally owned acreage granted to the railroad companies in order to encourage the building of rail lines. | 66 | |
| 103954626 | Union Pacific | The original transcontinental railroad, comissioned by Congress, which built its rail line west from Omaha. | 67 | |
| 103954627 | Central Pacific | The CA-based railroad company, headed by Leland Stanford, that employed Chinese laborers in building lines across the mountains. | 68 | |
| 103954628 | Great Northern | The northernmost of the transcontinental railroad lines, organized by economically wise and public-spirited industrialist James J. Hill | 69 | |
| 103954629 | Stock Watering | Dishonest device by which railroad promoters artificially inflated the price of their stocks and bonds. | 70 | |
| 103954630 | Wabash Case | Supreme Court case of 1886 that prevented states from regulating railroads or other forms of interstate commerce. | 71 | |
| 103954631 | Commerce Commission | Federal regulatory agency often used by rail companies to stabilize the industry and prevent ruinous competition. | 72 | |
| 103954632 | Telephone | Late-nineteenth-century invention the revolutionized communication and created a large new industry that relied heavily on female workers. | 73 | |
| 103954633 | Standard Oil | First of the great industrial trusts, organized through a principle of "horizontal integration" that ruthlessly incorporated or destroyed competitors. | 74 | |
| 103954634 | US Steel Corp. | The first billion-dollar American corporation, organized when J.P. Morgan bought out Andrew Carnegie. | 75 | |
| 103954635 | New South | Term that identified southern promoters' belief in a technologically advanced industrial South. | 76 | |
| 103954636 | Colored National Labor Union | Black labor organization that briefly flourished in the late 1860s. | 77 | |
| 103954637 | Knights of Labor | Secret, ritualistic labor organization that enrolled many skilled and unskilled workers but collapsed suddenly after the Haymarket Square bombing. | 78 | |
| 103954638 | Craft Unions | Skilled labor organizations, such as those of carpenters and printers, that were most successful in conducting strikes and raising wages. | 79 | |
| 103954639 | American Federation of Labor | The conservative labor group the successfully organized a minority of American workers but left others out. | 80 | |
| 103954640 | Leland Stanford | Former CA governor and organizer of the Central Pacific Railroad. | 81 | |
| 103954641 | Russell Conwell | Pro-business clergyman whose "Acres of Diamonds" speeches criticized the poor. | 82 | |
| 103954642 | James J. Hill | Public-spirited railroad builder who assisted farmers in the northern areas served by his rail lines. | 83 | |
| 103954643 | John D. Rockefeller | Aggressive energy-industry monopolist who used tough means to build a trust based on "horizontal integration". | 84 | |
| 103954644 | Charles Dana Gibson | Magazine illustrator who created a romantic image of the new, independent woman. | 85 | |
| 103954645 | Alexander Graham Bell | Former teacher of the deaf who invention created an entire new industry. | 86 | |
| 103954646 | Thomas Edison | Inventive genius of industrialization who worked on devices such as the electric light, the phonograph, and the motion picture. | 87 | |
| 103954647 | Andrew Carnegie | Scottish immigrant who organized a vast new industry on the principle of "vertical integration". | 88 | |
| 103954648 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | Aggressive eastern railroad builder and consolidator who scorned the law as an obstacle to his enterprise. | 89 | |
| 103954649 | J. P. Morgan | The only businessperson in America wealthy enough to buy out Andrew Carnegie and organize the U.S. Steel Corporation. | 90 | |
| 103954650 | Henry Grady | Southern newspaper editor who tirelessly promoted industrialization as the salvation of the economically backward South. | 91 | |
| 103954651 | Terence V. Powderly | Eloquent leader of a secretive labor organization that made substantial gains in the 1880s before it suddenly collapsed. | 92 | |
| 103954652 | William Graham Sumner | Intellectual defender of laissez-faire capitalism who argued that the wealthy owed "nothing" to the poor. | 93 | |
| 103954653 | John P. Altgeld | IL governor who pardoned the Haymarket anarchists. | 94 | |
| 103954654 | Samuel Gompers | Organizer of a conservative craft-union group and advocate of "more" wages for skilled workers. | 95 |
