Created by Matthew Piccolella
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| 357296592 | Lincoln's Inaugural Address | Lincoln was inaugurated as President, wasn't sure whether he would use military force, assured southerners he didn't want to interfere with slavery or other southern institutions, warned no state had the right to break up the Union | 0 | |
| 357296593 | Fort Sumter | war was apparent, two forts in South which were held by federal troops in Confederate lands, cut off supplies, Lincoln sent provisions there, gave SC the choice of permitting the food or opening fire, April 21 1861 war began with attack on Fort Sumter | 1 | |
| 357296594 | Use of Executive Power | Lincoln drew upon his powers as chief executive and commander in chief, called for 75000 volunteers to put down the "insurrection" in the South, authorized spending for the war, suspended the privilege of writ of habeas corpus, acted completely on his own, "indispensable to the public safety" | 2 | |
| 357296595 | Secession of Upper South | before Fort Sumter only 7 states had seceded, after four more (Virginia, NC, Tennessee, Arkansas) also seceded, capital moved to Richmond, VA | 3 | |
| 357296596 | Writ of Habeas Corpus | a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge | 4 | |
| 357296597 | West Virginia | people here remained loyal to the union, became a separate state in 1863 | 5 | |
| 357296598 | Border States | Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky remained in the Union, partly due to Union sentiment, pro-secessionists in Maryland attacked Union troops, Union used martial law to keep order there, guerrilla forces throughout, Lincoln wanted to keep them so he avoided emancipating slaves | 6 | |
| 357296599 | Southern Military Advantages | had the advantage of fighting a defensive war, had to move troops and supplies a shorter distance, had long coastline that was difficult to blockade, experienced military leaders and high troops morale | 7 | |
| 357296600 | Northern Military Advantages | North's population would work to its favor in a war of attrition, 800,000 immigrants enlisted in the Union cause in high numbers, African Americans enlisted, US Navy was strong | 8 | |
| 357296601 | Northern Economic Advantages | controlled most of the banking and capital of the country, 85 percent of factories, 70 percent of railroads, 65 percent of farmlands, skills of clerks and bookkeepers, | 9 | |
| 357296602 | Southern Economic Advantages | cotton would bring overseas demand that would bring recognition and financial aid in the war | 10 | |
| 357296603 | Northern Political Advantages | well-established central government, experienced politicians with a strong popular base | 11 | |
| 357296604 | Southern Political Advantages | ironic because states rights was basis for secession but strong central government was needed to fight war, independence helped morale, hopefully the North would turn against Lincoln | 12 | |
| 357296605 | Confederate States of America | provided nonsuccessive six-year term for the president and vice president, presidential item veto, constitution denied congress powers to levy tariffs or funds for internal improvements, prohibited slave trade, states' rights held back troops to protect their own states, hurt confederacy | 13 | |
| 357296606 | Confederate Economic Problems | faced a shortage of money, tried loans, income taxes, even impressment of private property, but revenues paid only a small percentage of war's costs, government forced to issue inflationary money, reduced value to less than two cents/dollar, nationalized railroads and industrial development | 14 | |
| 357296607 | First Battle of Bull Run | Northerners believed the war would last a few weeks, would take years to fight, 30000 federal troops marched to attack Manassas Junction, Stonewall Jackson counterattacked and sent Union troops back to Washington, battle ended illusion of short war and promoted the myth that rebels were invincible | 15 | |
| 357296608 | Stonewall Jackson | general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863) | 16 | |
| 357296609 | Union Strategy | Winfield Scott devised a three-party strategy, Anaconda Plan would blockade southern ports and cut off essential supplies, divide the Confederacy by taking the Mississippi, raise an army of 500,000 to take Richmond, first two parts were easier | 17 | |
| 357296610 | Anaconda Plan | use the US navy to blockade southern ports and thereby cut off essential supplies from reaching the South | 18 | |
| 357296611 | Peninsula Campaign | George B. McClellan insisted his troops be given long training and discipline, invaded Virginia in March 1862 after many delays, stopped by Robert. E. Lee, forced to retreat back to Potomac | 19 | |
| 357296612 | George B. McClellan | commander of the Union army in the East, "bad case of the slows" | 20 | |
| 357296613 | Robert E. Lee | commander of the South's eastern forces | 21 | |
| 357296614 | General John Pope | replaced McClellan after the Peninsula Campaign | 22 | |
| 357296615 | Second Battle of Bull Run | Lee took advantage by striking back quickly, drew Pope into a trap, struck the enemy's flank, Sent Union Army backward | 23 | |
| 357296616 | Antietam | Lee led his army into Maryland, hoped victory would result in British intervention, Lincoln had restored McClellan, found a copy of Lee's plans, single bloodiest day, Lee's army retreated, Lincoln relieved McClellan after he didn't pursue them, stopped confederates from getting the intervention | 24 | |
| 357296617 | Fredericksburg | Burnside was reckless, large Union army attacked and suffered immense losses, 12000, improved weaponry took the romance out of heroic charges against entrenched positions, showed terrible conditions of the war | 25 | |
| 357296618 | Ambrose Burnside | reckless Union general who replaced McClellan after Antietam | 26 | |
| 357296619 | Monitor vs. Merrimac | Union need to utilize naval advantages, Confederate ship put Union blockade in jeopardy, Union countered with its own ironclad, five-hour duel near Hampton Roads, VA, revolutionized future naval warfare | 27 | |
| 357296620 | Merrimac | former Union ship rebuilt and renamed the Virginia | 28 | |
| 357296621 | Monitor | ironclad for the Union | 29 | |
| 357296622 | Fort Henry and Fort Donelson | frontier in Tennessee, Grant led stunning victories using gunboats and army maneuvers, took 14,000 prisoners, opened Mississippi to Union attack | 30 | |
| 357296623 | Shiloh | Albert Johnston surprised Grant here in Tennessee, Union held its ground and forced the Confederates to retreat | 31 | |
| 357296624 | David Farragut | Union navy general who captured New Orleans in April 1862 | 32 | |
| 357296625 | Foreign Affairs | South hoped to secure independence using diplomats, hoped cotton would prove "king" and induce Britain and France to give aid, British looked forward to breaking up American democratic experiment | 33 | |
| 357296626 | Trent Affair | Britain came close to siding with Confederates, Mason and Slidell traveled to England from Confederacy to gain recognition, Union stopped British ship, removed Mason and Slidell, British threatened war unless they were released | 34 | |
| 357296627 | Southern Leaders | South purchased warships from British shipyards, commerce-raiders did serious harm to US merchant ships, Alabama captured over 60 vessels | 35 | |
| 357296628 | Charles Francis Adams | US minister to Britain, prevented a threat when he learned Confederacy had arranged to purchase Laird rams, Adams persuaded British government to cancel the sale | 36 | |
| 357296629 | Failure of Cotton Diplomacy | King Cotton did not have the power to dictate England's foreign policy, Europe got cotton from other sources, Egypt and India, setback at Antietam played a role, also Emancipation Proclamation made the war about slavery, British couldn't oppose that | 37 | |
| 357301867 | End of Slavery | Lincoln was concerned about keeping the border states, the constitutional protections of slavery, prejudices of northerners, fear that premature action could be overturned in next election, slaves were freed as result of military events, governmental policy, and their own actions | 38 | |
| 357301868 | Confiscation Acts | Benjamin Butler refused to return captured slaves claiming they were "contraband of war", power to seize enemy property use to wage war against the US, thousands of slaves were using their feet to escape, freed slaves of persons engaged in rebellion, law empowered the president to use freed slaves | 39 | |
| 357301869 | Benjamin Butler | "contraband of war" | 40 | |
| 357301870 | Emancipation Proclamation | July 1862 Lincoln decided to use his powers to free all slaves, justify his policy by calling it a "military necessity", after Antietam he issued the warning state slaves in states in rebellion would be free, delivered his address on the first day of the new year | 41 | |
| 357301871 | Consequences of the Emancipation Proclamation | applied only to states outside Union control, didn't free a single slave, slavery in border states continued, proclamation committed US government to abolition, enlarged purpose of thw war, gave added weight to Confiscation Acts, increased number of slaves who fought | 42 | |
| 357301872 | Thirteenth Amendment | December 1865, months after Lincoln's death, amendment abolished slavery | 43 | |
| 357301873 | Freedmen in the War (Army of Freedom) | hundreds of thousands of southern blacks walked away from slavery, 200000 serving in the Union army | 44 | |
| 357301874 | Chancellorsville | Robert E. Lee gained a major victory here in 1863, but army was in desperate shape, losing control of slaves, poor soldiers were deserting | 45 | |
| 357301875 | Vicksburg | Union forces put this city under siege, attempt to gain control of the Mississippi River, seven weeks of bombardment before the Confederates surrendered | 46 | |
| 357301876 | Gettysburg | Lee took the offensive hoping to gain foreign intervention by winning a victory in the North, bloodiest abattle of the war, Pickett's charge proved futile, Lee returned to Virginia, never to return to offensive | 47 | |
| 357301877 | Ulysses Grant | a general who could fight and win, approach to ending the war was outlasting Lee in the war of attrition, aimed to wear down southern armies and destroy vital lines of supply, suffered casualties at Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, trench warfare | 48 | |
| 357320394 | Sherman's March | hardened veteran, set out on a path of deliberate destruction that cut across Georgia and South Carolina, marched relentlessly, destroying everything, took Atlanta in time for Election of 1864, set fire to Columbia, SC in February 1865, broke the will of Confederacy | 49 | |
| 357320395 | Election of 1864 | McClellan ran against Lincoln, Democrat platform called for peace, appealed to those who had grown weary of war, Andrew Johnson as Lincoln's running mate, won 212 electoral votes | 50 | |
| 357320396 | Surrender at Appomattox | Confederate government tried to negotiate peace, Lincoln would accept nothing short of restoration of Union, Lee retreated from Richmond, tried to escape, was cut off by Grant, surrendered here, Union treated his enemy with respect and allowed his men to return home with their horses | 51 | |
| 357320397 | Assassination of Lincoln | Lincoln delivered second inaugural address, "malice toward none", John Wilkes Booth killed the president, co-conspirator attacked William Seward | 52 | |
| 357320398 | Political Change | electoral process continued during the war, Republican majorities in both houses, sharp differences between radical faction and moderate faction, Democrats supported the war but not Lincoln's method | 53 | |
| 357320399 | Copperheads | a group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War | 54 | |
| 357320400 | Civil Liberties | Lincoln was concerned with prosecuting war more than protection of citizens, suspending writ of habeas corpus, many held without trial, Lincoln acted prudently to protect the union, against the Constitution | 55 | |
| 357320401 | Ex Parte Milligan | 1866 Supreme Court ruled that the government had acted improperly in Indiana where certain civilians had been subject to a military trial, procedures could only be used when regular civilian courts were unavailable | 56 | |
| 357320402 | Draft | first Conscription Act March 1863, made all men liable for military service, could find a substitute or pay an exemption fee, aroused riots from poor | 57 | |
| 357320403 | Political Dominance of North | after the civil war, supremacy of federal government was treated as a fact, abolition of slavery gave new meaning to "new birth of freedom", advanced democratic government in the US | 58 | |
| 357320404 | Financing the War | North financed the war by borrowing 2.6 billion, sale of government bonds, forced to resort to tariffs, adding excise taxes, instituting first income tax, issued more money, led to inflation | 59 | |
| 357320405 | Greenbacks | US paper currency | 60 | |
| 357320406 | National Banking System | created in 1864 by Congress to manage all added revenue moving in and out of Treasury | 61 | |
| 357320407 | Modernizing Northern Society | workers' wages didn't keep up with inflation in North, placed a premium on mass production and complex organization, sped up consolidation of the North's manufacturing business, fortunes made during the war concentrated capital | 62 | |
| 357320408 | Morrill Tariff Act | 1861 raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers, initiated Republican program of high tariffs | 63 | |
| 357320409 | Homestead Act | 1862 promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering parcels of 160 acres of public land free to whatever person or family would farm that land for at least five years | 64 | |
| 357320410 | Morrill Land Grant Act | 1862 encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges | 65 | |
| 357320411 | Pacific Railway Act | 1862 authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over a northern route in order to link the economies of California and the western territories | 66 | |
| 357320412 | Women at Work | millions of men gave responsibility to women, stepped up and worked in factories and farms, most women in cities vacated their jobs after the war, women accepted assistance of men, field of nursing was now open to women for the first time, enormous responsibilities undertaken by women during the war gave impetus to the movement to obtain voting rights | 67 | |
| 357320413 | End of Slavery | 4 million people were "freed men" and "freed women", economic hardships would continue for generations, but end was a remarkable revolution, opened possibilities for freemen | 68 | |
| 357320414 | Second American Revolution | tragic loss of life, huge cost to America, destroyed slavery and devastated the southern economy, acted as a catalyst to transform America into a complex modern industrial society, Republicans enacted probusiness Whig program, etc. | 69 |
