• 1920's-1930's: roaring 20's and dirty 30's
• The Post War Years
• Inventions in the 1920's
• Social Movements
• Prohibition
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| 1889780384 | What happens to countries after war? | When war ends, country will experience brif recession The economic cycle: prosperirty>recession>depression>Recovery x repeat | 0 | |
| 1889780385 | What happened to Canada after WWI? | Canada experiences short term recession, not many jobs • Gov had promised them jobs after war, but nah • Unemployed as a man in the 1920's are depressed because patriarchy | 1 | |
| 1889780386 | When did the Spanish Flu take place? | January 1918 - December 1920 aprox 3-5% world population died | 2 | |
| 1889780387 | What were the causes of the Spanish flu? | Likely due to bad conditions of trenches, you know so many bad diseases and really unhygienic | 3 | |
| 1889780388 | How was society (in Canada) different after WWI? | Societies are becoming more industrial Cities are growing and urban sprawl People working for wages | 4 | |
| 1889780389 | How were labour laws right after WWI and during? | There weren't any labour laws But most poor people kept children at home because work work No minimum wages, vacation hours, no job safety laws, no max hours in a week With recession in Canada, less jobs, situation becomes worse^^ Employers are trying to take advantage of staff for $$$ | 5 | |
| 1889780390 | What are labor unions? | Groups of workers who are organized to together to demand better working conditions; they can go on strike or get more money. | 6 | |
| 1889780391 | Did labor unions exist during 1918? | Yes they did, but weren't protected by law. | 7 | |
| 1889780392 | What is strike action? | - This occurs when the labour union and the employer cannot reach and agreement on the terms of the employees' contract. A strike is a work refusal | 8 | |
| 1889780393 | What are the advantages to labour unions? | • Employee protection • Fairer wages • Benefits at workplace are more fairly negotiated • Safety at the workplace becomes primary importance | 9 | |
| 1889780394 | What are the disadvantages to labour unions? | • Cant opt out (reprecussions) • Majority rules • Encourages laziness • Wages are higher which hurts the company employes are interfere of strike (but really its cuz capitalism sucks ) | 10 | |
| 1895017266 | What was demanded for the Winnipeg General Strikes? | • Demanding things like 8 hour work day, higher wages, wanted their union to be recognized | 11 | |
| 1895017267 | When did the Winnipeg General Strike begin and how many members did it have initially? | The Winnipeg General strike began in may 1919 with metal workers who were tired of poor working conditions and long hours • - 14 000 workers went on strike | 12 | |
| 1895017268 | Who was involved/supported the Winnipeg General Strike? | • Taxi drives, milk delivery men, water ppl, police officers, post officers, fire fighters BUT it was started out by metal workers • Basically everyone working class joined this society | 13 | |
| 1895017269 | What was life generally like during this time of striking and rights and stuff? | • Small strikes going on all across Canada • Big strike of 6 weeks • Socialism is new, democracy = NDP is big socialist party • Communism is similar but dictatorship and like gov does stuff | 14 | |
| 1895017270 | What did the goverment do, in an attempt to control the strike? | • Army was called in, RCMP to help moniter the rioting with this strike Former soldiers who were unemployed after WWI were involved as well | 15 | |
| 1895017271 | Why were ex-soldiers in particular an asset to the anti-strikers? | These ex-soldiers were desperate for jobs they were PROMISED (but never got) after war These protestors literally prevented everyone from going to work or getting a job | 16 | |
| 1895017272 | What was the Citizen's Commitee? | • Figure out what to do with strikers and dishonor strikers • Convince society that striking is a bad idea • Publicized to general society that strikers were communists, Bolsheviks • Everyone was afraid of losing democracy • Rich people in communist revolution would falls, same with gov | 17 | |
| 1895017273 | What was the number of participants in the Winnipeg General Strike after it grew? | The movement caught on quickly, before long over 25 000 workers in Winnipeg joined the strike - phone operators, hotels, restaurants, fire fighters, some policemen, newspapers, etc joined | 18 | |
| 1895017274 | What were strikers doing? | • Strikers were mostly trying to shut down all the government run offices and business (post offices, court houses, parliament buildings, city hall etc.) | 19 | |
| 1895017275 | What is Bloody Saturday? What happened? | • RCMP and ex soldiers were bought in • The mayor of Winnipeg read the riot act to protestors and asked federal police to clear the streets • Union leaders were arrested for disturbing peace and security • In the attempts to clear the streets two people were killed | 20 | |
| 1895017276 | What was the date of Bloody Saturday? | • Saturday June 26th 1919 | 21 | |
| 1895017277 | Who was JS Woodsworth? | • JS Woodsworth was arrested at this time he will later form a new political party called the CCF( will become NDP) | 22 | |
| 1895017278 | What happened to many of these strikers who were arrested? | • Many strike leaders will be elected in to the Winnipeg provincial government after being released from prison | 23 | |
| 1965646413 | What happened during the roaring 20's? | The after effects of the war were starting to ware off, thus economy was improving. | 24 | |
| 1965646414 | What are the five industries that will take off in Canada in the 20's ? | • Wheat • Hydro Electricity • Oil and Gas • Pulp and Paper • Mining | 25 | |
| 1965646415 | How did the current situation in Europe benefit Canada? | • Att Europe is war torn France Russia Belgium, spent tons of money in war • Need to import wheat from Canada | 26 | |
| 1965646416 | Why did Canadian wheat take off (besides european situation)? | • Canadian wheat became high demand, because of exporting out to Europe • Really good summers with a lot of rain at the time, naturally and consumer demand wise farmers were doing well • Prices of wheat were at an all-time high | 27 | |
| 1965646417 | What happened in regards to hydro electricity? | • For hydro it grows because of niagra falls as a main source • But also in Ontario and Quebec began using various river s • Change from coal to hydro electric power, most business , in north America • End of 1920's most middle class are gonna have hydro electricity running into their homes • In 1920's hydroelectric power output is 2nd in the world | 28 | |
| 1965646418 | How did technology benefit in the home? | • Household appliacnes get invented and popular: washing machine, fridge, etc | 29 | |
| 1965646419 | What did cars cause? | • This is when cars were invented: when they became accessible to the average person, urban sprawl • Drastically increase the need for oil and gas | 30 | |
| 1965646420 | What happened with oil and gas? | • Oil is referred to as black gold • A lot of oil speculators looking for oil, struck in rich in Alberta, but it exploded in flames • Foreign investment for oil supply pours into Alberta • Coals becomes obsolete and less demand, so some people get fired | 31 | |
| 1965646421 | How did newsprint benefit Canadian forestry | • Canada has a lot of forestry, 1920's increasing demand for newsprint because people are becoming more literate as publicly funded free edu is becoming more possible • After WWI people want to keep up with world events • Need soft woods for newsprint like pine a lot of that in Canada | 32 | |
| 1965646422 | What was the relationship between American Newspapers and Canadian wood? | • American has huge newspaper industries, enormous business, increasing numbers of people demanding newspaper and stuff, ready market for pulp and paper • So many were being sent out into the us, had to create a law to conserve for Canadian newspapers | 33 | |
| 1965646423 | What were the downsides of increased American newsprint investments? | • Downsides: deforestation, chopping down trees fast, so cant grow back and no air to breathe, • Reliant too much on one industry screwing self over in long term • Also more jobs in us, a lot of people were moving to the us • Blue collars are swagging up, but not white color imma leave for us because population and money • More circulation of money and stuff, people are moving more toward into cash based economy | 34 | |
| 1965646424 | How significant was Canada in regards to nickel production? | • Canada producing 80% of worlds nickel | 35 | |
| 1965646425 | How did Canada's relatoinship with the US grow in regards to foreign investment? | • Few countries can do well without foreign investement • Prior to WWI britina was canadas largest foreign investor • British were not risk takers in Canada, did not trust us • After wwi it falled off, investment since eceonomy suffered after wwi • US becomes canadas biggest investor • Us invests differently, not gonna invest in the Canadian government • US invests in business | 36 | |
| 1965646426 | What is the branch plant system? | • Create copies of US companies in canada • Do well in the us, but gonna bring to Canada, but no exec offices or descisions made in Canada just working level people • Use Canadian materials to create products in Canada, that way don't have to import products across border and tariffs suck as they were pretty high • Parent company in us, and branch in Canada, | 37 | |
| 1965646427 | Opinions varied wildly about the branch plant system. What are some of its advantages? | - More lower end Canadian jobs - More options for Canadian people to buy and spend money - More spending - Foreign $ was needed in Canada therefore Canadian dollar goes up | 38 | |
| 1965646428 | Opinions varied wildly about the branch plant system. What are some of its disadvantages? | - Takes away higher level Canadian jobs - Gives more money to America - Small businesses suffer, as us companies are large corporations - Dependencies on the us: if someone gets fired it sucks yeah | 39 | |
| 1968264583 | Inventions: Describe broadcasting and radio at the time? | • People often listened to audio shows, sound effects, diff voices • Radios used to be earphone only, so had to take turns, but eventually speakers • This totally changed family life • People would just sit around and talk to each other | 40 | |
| 1968264584 | Inventions: What was the relationship between US and Canadian broadcasting? | • Broadcasts were all American, Canadian society when the radio was invented, lots of American influence media wise on the Canadian public • No one understood how powerful media was, until 1930's when there was more of a push for Canadian stuff • First Canadian broadcast on radio was HOCKEY was famous in 20's to listen to hockey games | 41 | |
| 1968264585 | Inventions: How did telephones revolutionize the 20's ? | • Telephones invented in brandford Ontario by Alexander graham bell • Operators just connect you to stuff and people you want to call, and listen in onto your ocnvo whoo early nsa • 1924 dial telephone was created • 1920 1 out of 4 fmilies had a telephone • Women with small fingers could flip all those switches, so they were hired?? | 42 | |
| 1968231808 | Inventions: Despite the fact that automobiles were invented BEFORE the 20's, why did they gain popularity in this decade? | • Existed prior to 1920s super duper expensive for average person • Took VERY long to make, 5000 parts, had to be super specialized to make car | 43 | |
| 1968264587 | Inventions: How did Henry Ford revolutionize the automobile industry? | - Assembly line: process through which car was going to get made (Ford's idea) • Car would move along conveyer belt, a few inches every minute or so • Going to hire multiple workers, train each worker to fix one part of the car Unskilled labour, and stuff • Before everyone had to know how to make EVERYTHING • Now its just a little bit from a lot of people • Could also pay unskilled workers less, and mass produce cars • 15cm a minute | 44 | |
| 1968231810 | Inventions: What affect did the popularity of cars have on society? | • Model T was the famous car, everyone had in 1920 • Create massive company called Ford Motors • Paved roads to sustain cars, gas stations must be added, road signs, traffic rules, maintenance centres: urban sprawl • Cost people around 400 which is 20 000 aprox now | 45 | |
| 1968231811 | Inventions: Who invented insulin and why was this significant? | • Frederick Banting discovered insulin: Canadian doctor • Prior to 1920s if you had diabetes you would die, 20 million would die a year • Put in body to reverse the process of losing insulin | 46 | |
| 1968264590 | Inventions: How did Banting discover this invention? What happened? | • Found a 14 year old boy, who parents were willing to test insulin out on boy Was successful and cured him, controlled the problem • 1920s receive nobel prize for medicine | 47 | |
| 1968264591 | Inventions: What were movies mainly like prior to the 20's? | • Government made research commission documentaries or propaganda existed, but not really popular | 48 | |
| 1968231814 | Inventions: What were silent movies like? How much did they typically cost? | • Movies in 1920s were called silent movies,didn't have sound • So a lot of slapstick humour and body language • Was also a live band to have sound effects Cost a nickel (see NICKELodian) | 49 | |
| 1970855190 | What is the first movie with sound? | •The jazz singer is the first sound movie "talkies" flicker effect black and white | 50 | |
| 1970855191 | Who were famous actors in this time? | •Charlie Chaplain, Mary Pickford (Canadian was famous in US too 1st woman to make 1 mill in one year)Douglas Fairbanks •Douglas and Mary got married, two of them created huge movie company Charlie chaplain was in on it and got rich •She was also into charity and becomes huge advocate in WWII for war effort | 51 | |
| 1970855192 | Buying on Margin: What is the stock market? | A system of investment where companies encourage investors to buy shares of their company e.g. TSX - Toronto Stock Exchange, DOW Jones - New York | 52 | |
| 1970855193 | Buying on Margin: What happened to the stock market because of economic prosperity during 20's? | Investments became popular, stock market most pop. form of inv. | 53 | |
| 1970855194 | What is buying on margin? | when someone only pays for 10% or so of a stock investment, the broker puts the rest in. what happens is the broker is supposed to take out of the earnings of the stock over time but if the stock does not do well then the person owes the broker money-screws both of em over | 54 | |
| 1970855195 | Buying on Margin: What happened as a result of buying on margin? | Bought stocks, automobiles, household appliances, etc Belief in 20s that stock market was safe option and that share prices would increase In reality was very risky and financially irresponsible | 55 | |
| 1970855196 | Fashion: What was fashion like [for women] prior to the 20s? | •No pants and women wore skirts at their ankle In 1800s when people rose above the ankle people were outraged | 56 | |
| 1970855197 | Fashion: What was a flapper? | •Flappers were fashionable rebellious women •Cut their hair short, went to beauty parlors, more makeup,jazz clubs, short skirts. rebelled against old ideals of beauty that women couldn't be desirable, must be daughters, mother, or wives, no in between | 57 | |
| 1970855198 | Fashion: What were early societal attitudes towards flappers? | • flappers was scorned upon, being "easy", fast cars, drink alcohol (aka me) immoral and wild and uncontrollable (also me) stereotype •Flapper is a bird that doesn't know yet to fly, and is trying but not going anywhere •Most people believed that you had to be a good girl in order to attract the opposite sex - believed flappers were unattractive,unmarrieable | 58 | |
| 1970855199 | Fashion: What were later societal attitudes towards flappers? | •After awhile this stereotype dissolved and flappers become for everyone, and revolutionize society | 59 | |
| 1977265709 | Fashion: What were beauty parlors? | place for women to get their hair done, look good, became popular with rise of womens fashions. | 60 | |
| 1977265710 | Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Emily Murphy? | Journalist interested in politics Went by Janey Canuck (guy name) as a female journalist would not be taken seriously | 61 | |
| 1977265711 | Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Irene Parlby? | First female cabinet minister Canada's representative for League of Nations | 62 | |
| 1977265712 | Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Nellie McClung? | started the prohibition movement saw alcohol as a reason for family breakdown | 63 | |
| 1977265713 | Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Henrietta Edwards? | Changed laws through lobbying Created a group called the National Council of Women | 64 | |
| 1977265714 | Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Louise McKinney? | Started Women's Christian Temperance Union | 65 | |
| 1977265715 | Social Movement: What was the persons case? | Under section 24 of British North America Act it stated that all persons could be appointed to senate Persons was vague, and assumed to be only for men | 66 | |
| 1977265716 | Social Movement: What happened during the persons case? Part 1 | All of the famous five signed a petition to lobby for women to be an eligible person to be appointed to senate This case went to Supreme Court of Canada (because dealt with changing of the constitution) but was ruled no (cough judges were mainly men cough) | 67 | |
| 1977265717 | Social Movement: What happened during the persons case? Part 2 | Five went to British Privy Council, which voted in favour and overturned supreme court's descision (women were already given this right in Britain) First woman senator was Cairine Wilson in 1930 | 68 | |
| 1977265718 | Social Movement: What happened with women in sports during the 20's-30's? | Gaining popularity ;however, not entirely supported Pseudo-science ATT said if women did too many sports would become masculine (which was unhealthy) | 69 | |
| 1977265719 | Social Movement: Who was Fannie (aka Bobbie) Rosenfeld? | Journalist, also in 1928 olympics sets records in track and field, hockey, and tennis Voted #6 in athlete of the Century | 70 | |
| 1977265720 | Social Movement: Who was Phylis Dewar? | Famous swimmer won 4 gold medals in British 1934 Olympics | 71 | |
| 1977265721 | Social Movement: Who were the Edmonton Grads? | Female, Canadian, basketball team Won 93% of their games Won 49/51 titles World Champions 4 times | 72 | |
| 1977265722 | What was prohibition? | The period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment it ended with the ratification of the 21st Amendment. | 73 | |
| 1977265723 | Who was Al Capone? | A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs. | 74 | |
| 1977265724 | Was there prohibition in Canada? | Varied based on provinces, but overall no. There was a large push for prohibition from women's movements Many US gangs smuggled Canadian alcohol to bring to US | 75 | |
| 1977265725 | What was the Volstead act | It was the law passed to enforce prohibition. It allowed the IRS and Treasury department to enforce the law. | 76 | |
| 1977265726 | The Great Depression: What were the five causes of the great depression? | 1) Over production and over expansion 2) Canada's dependency on a few primary goods 3) Canada's dependency on the US 4) Buying on margin/credit 5) Immediate Cause: Stock Market Crash | 77 | |
| 1977265727 | The Great Depression: Expand on over production and over expansion | There were excess goods and resulted in stock piling (where there are too many goods and not enough people buying them) The business owners are spending money faster than they were earning them Overexpansion: hiring too many people and investing more money into making the business grow | 78 | |
| 1977265728 | The Great Depression: Give an example of over production and example from history? | E.g. In Oshawa, in the 1930s, GM produced 400 000 cars despite the fact that most Canadians already had cars They only sold 260 000, creating a surplus of 140 000 The automobile sector is going to have an impact on the economy since they have to lay off workers, buy less car parts, etc. | 79 | |
| 1977265729 | The Great Depression: Expand on Canada's dependency on few primary goods | Depended heavily on foreign demand (Europe, US) In 1929, 1931, 1933-1937 huge drought farmers suffer Primary goods most affected were: Pulp and paper Minerals Wheat Since there was a drought, all the flour mills didn't do well, the railroad had less things to deliver Demand for wheat in the 1930s will diminish since European countries have already rebuilt themselves >decreased foreign demand and less farmer spending | 80 | |
| 1977265730 | The Great Depression: Expand on Canada's dependence on the US | As of the 1920s, Canada was becoming very Americanized 65% of our imports were purchased from America and 40% of exports went out to the U.S. The U.S. economy slowed in the late 1920s The stock market crash crippled Canadian economy | 81 | |
| 1977265731 | The Great Depression: Why was buying on margin being popular? What were its effects? | When the economy slowed down, people could not repay their debts and people got their stuff taken away from them E.g. A car would be taken away from its owner who can't pay and then the company would have to get someone to buy this used car When the great depression hit, most people lost everything they had | 82 | |
| 1977265732 | The Great Depression: What happened with the stock market crash? | "Black Tuesday"October 29,1929. Everyone sold all their stocks at once out of fear (when noticed that economy was starting to take a hit) Most stocks dropped more than 50% of their original cost After the crash, the government imposed high tariffs on international trade so that he citizens would be encouraged to buy Canadian products (and then Canada would have more profit) As a result of only circulating Canadian money, the value of the CND will drop | 83 | |
| 1977265733 | The Great Depression: What was the problem with Prime Minister Bennett and his idea of economics? | In the 1930s, many democratic governments did not understand the importance of helping the economy during times of high unemployment Need middle class and gov intervention to stimulate the economy | 84 | |
| 1977265734 | The Great Depression: What did PM Bennett do? | Food stamps, but only for people w/ addresses (some didn't even apply bcuz shame of food stamps) Bennett's new deal -Promises building projects (roads, bridges) -Unemployment insurance etc, health insurance, labour laws -TOOOO LATEEE → loses to William Lyon Mackenzie | 85 | |
| 1977265735 | The Great Depression: How was the west effected during the great depression? | The west was hit hardest by the Great Depression (the prairies/farmlands), causing farmers to be dependent on the food stamps At the time, there were also dust bowls in the prairies (basically giant rolling balls of dust) and it could destroy all farm land | 86 | |
| 1977265736 | The Great Depression: What are Bennett Buggies and Bennet Burbs? | Bennett buggies"horse-drawn cars (car w/o engine) Areas with many people living in shacks/tents were called "Bennett Burghs" | 87 | |
| 1977265737 | The Great Depression: Who were drifters/Hobos? | They were men who went from neighborhood to neighborhood looking for jobs These people could not afford train ride fares so they would steal into trains This was referred to as "riding the rails" | 88 | |
| 1977265738 | The Great Depression: What were relief camps? | -Men felt it was forcing them to stay in poverty -Group of men tried to get them to increase it to 50cents a day from 20 cents a day oBennett gov. said no, men started a strike oRoad the rails to Ottawa from BC (over 2000 men joined the movement) ended in failure | 89 | |
| 1977265739 | Describe the Canadian Communist Party | Leader Tim Buck a.Communism picks up when a lot of people are at the poverty line b.Got shut down for "plotting of illegal and violent methods to get into power" c.Bennett was very anti - communist | 90 | |
| 1977265740 | Describe the CCF? Cooperative Commonwealth Federation | a.Socialism part i.Gov. spends money on helping working class ii.Extremely expensive iii.Believed in free election Leader is : James woodsworth -Gain support in regina, Saskatchewan area -Tommy Douglas → party is renamed NDP oBecomes premier of Sasketchawan, first province o have an NDP gov. oCreates a lot of human rights laws | 91 | |
| 1977265741 | Describe the Social Credit Party | William Aberhart a."Bible Bill" → Baptist b.Wanted to give every family in Canada $25/month c." just print more money" i.$ value will drop d.Got elected into provincial government in Alberta, prov. Gov did not have the power to control the mint | 92 |
