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| 1701141612 | Peloponnesus | Was south of the Gulf of Corinth, was an island attached bby a tiny isthmus to the mainland. Consited mostly of hills, mountains, and small valleys | 0 | |
| 1701141613 | Athens | Home to Greece mainland was the main city of Greece | 1 | |
| 1701141614 | Attic Peninsula | Was northeast of the Peloponnesus, it was also the home of Athens, hemmed in by mountains to the north and west surrounded by the sea to the south and east | 2 | |
| 1701141615 | Macedonia | North of Thessaly, not much of importance until 338 B.C.E. which was ruled at the time of king Phillip 2 who conquered the Greeks | 3 | |
| 1701141616 | Minoan | A civilization that used metals, escpecially bronze in making weapons. It was discovered by an English archaeologist named Arthur Evans | 4 | |
| 1701141617 | Knossus | Made up of a enormous palace complex which is near modern day Iraklion. It was a rich and prosperous culture. It was discovered by Arthur Evans also | 5 | |
| 1701141618 | Mycenaeans | Destroyed the cretan society by mainland Greece. It was a remarkable fortified sight evacuated by German archaeologist. Also was during the broze age. Had a loose confederacy of independant states. | 6 | |
| 1701141619 | Homer | Composed the Iliad and The Odyssey which have been passed down from generations to generations. The Iliad was a poem of the Trojan war, which was sparked by Paris, a prince of troy, who kidnapped Helen | 7 | |
| 1701141620 | Dardanelles | The city of Troy was a vassal of the Hittite Empire and guarded the southern entrance to the Hellespant | 8 | |
| 1701141621 | Polis | The evolution of the city-state, a small but autmous political unit in which all major political, social, and religious activities were carried out at one central location. | 9 | |
| 1701141622 | Hoplites | What military men were. They were armed and wore bronze or leather helmets, breastplates, and greaves or shinguards. They each carried a round shield, sword, and a spear that las 9 feet long. | 10 | |
| 1701141623 | Phalanx | a unit of new infantry men called Hoplites that were eight ranks deep and kept in tight order. They did not break, very fearce | 11 | |
| 1701141624 | Healots | meant "capture" it was made to work for the Spartans. The Spartans had conquered the Laconian and Messenian healots. Worked for there Spartan master (slaves) | 12 | |
| 1701141625 | Oligarchy | Means "rule by a few," they were opposed to the domination of political power. Was the rich and poor of the tyrants. | 13 | |
| 1701141626 | Tyranny | Largely extinguished by the end of the sixth century, but was when aristocrats had become rullers who came to power in an unconstitutional way. | 14 | |
| 1701141627 | Tyrant | Not wicked or oppressive, but rulers who came to power in an unconstitutional way, they were also not subject to the law. Were supported by the rich and their money. | 15 | |
| 1701141628 | Sparta | Was located in sotheastern peoponnesus, faced the need for more land. Had conquered both the Laconians and Messenians which both had a lot of land. | 16 | |
| 1701141629 | Ephor | A group of five men who were responsible for supervising the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens | 17 | |
| 1701141630 | Solon | A reform-minded aristocrat, had been given full power to make changes. He had canceled all land debts and freed people who had fallen into slavery for debts. | 18 | |
| 1701141631 | Pisastratus | An aristocrat wwho seized power in 560 B.C.E. pursuing a foreign policy that aided Athenian trade, remained popular with the mercantile and industrial classes. Seized his power from Solon | 19 | |
| 1701141632 | Cleisthenes | Another aristocratic reformer who opposed this plan and gained the upper hand. Created the council of 500 | 20 | |
| 1701141633 | Democracy | Athenian's used this word to describe their system. A change to this system. It was from the Greek words demos and kratia | 21 | |
| 1701141634 | Darius | Led an unsuccessful revolt against the greek mainland. He wanted revenge. Was from the Ionian cities | 22 | |
| 1701141635 | Militiades | Led the Athenians who insisted on attacking, but then Greek hoplites had charged across the plain of Marathin and crsuhed the Persian forces. Persian ruler during the attack of Marathon. Persuaded citizens to pursue a new military development of navy | 23 | |
| 1701141636 | Xerxes | He was the new Persian monarch after the death of Darius in 486 B.C.E, vowed revege and planned to invade | 24 | |
| 1701141637 | Themistocles | A new Athenian ruler who persuaded his fellow citizens to pursue a new military policy, which was the development of a navy | 25 | |
| 1701141638 | Thermopylae | A new city with water next to it. Was city of central Greece. This was where the Spartan army held off the Persians for two days | 26 | |
| 1701141639 | Salamis | Islands, where Greeks had challanged the Persian navy to fight. The Greeks had beaten the Persians here | 27 | |
| 1701141640 | Platea | Was another island northwest of Attica. After this war, the Greeks were know free to pursue their own destiny. | 28 | |
| 1701141641 | Delian League | Athens took over the leadership of a Greek world by forming this defensive alliance against the Persians. HQ on island of Delos. | 29 | |
| 1701141642 | Pericles | A young aristocrat who was a leading figure in Athenian politics for more than three decades. Embarked on a policy of expanding democracy at home and in the new empire abroad. | 30 | |
| 1701141643 | Rhetoric | Was a skill in Greek scholars in winning debates and swaying an audience, it was espceially valuble in democratice Athens | 31 | |
| 1701141644 | Socratic method | A simple question-and-answer technique to lead pupils to see things for themselves using their own reason, This was thought of by Socrates | 32 | |
| 1701141645 | Sophists | A group of philosphical teachers in the fifth century BCE who rejected such speculation as foolish | 33 | |
| 1701141646 | Herodotus | Scholar who wrote History of the Persian wars, which is the first real history in Western civilization | 34 | |
| 1701141647 | Thucydides | a better historian than other by far. Considered the greatest historian in the world. He also participated in the Peloponnesian war | 35 | |
| 1701141648 | Sophocles | A great Athenian playwright, whose most famous work was Oedipus the King. In this the aracle of Apollo fortells a man that he will kill his iwn father an marry his mother | 36 | |
| 1701141649 | Aristophanes | developed Greek comedy. Used grotesque masks and abscene jokes to entertain the Athenian audience | 37 | |
| 1701141650 | Parathenon | One of the finest buildings of architecture. it was the most famous temple and was built for Athena | 38 | |
| 1701141651 | Pythagoras | Ionian Greek who taught the essence of the univers could be found in music and numbers | 39 | |
| 1701141652 | Socrates | Was a stonemason whose true love was philosophy. Taught a number of pupils but not for pay. | 40 | |
| 1701141653 | Plato | One of Socrates' disciples, considered by many to be the greatest philosopher oof Western civilization | 41 | |
| 1701141654 | Aristotle | One of Plato's pupils, later became tutor to Alexander the Great. Did not accept Plato's theory of ideal forms | 42 | |
| 1701141655 | Mount Olympus | Where th twelve chief Gods of the Greek culture had lived. It was the highest moutain in greece. | 43 | |
| 1701141656 | Zeus | The cief fiety and father of the gods, wife of Athena. Had aslo lived on Mount Olympus. Many Greeks worshiped him. | 44 | |
| 1701141657 | Phillip the second | Ruler of Macedonia, when he came to the throne, he built an efficient army and turned Macedonia into the strongest power of the Greek world, one that was soon drawn into the conflicts among the Greeks. | 45 | |
| 1701141658 | Alexander the Great | Became king of Macedonia when he was 20. Was prepared to rule by his father, who took him on military campains and expeditions | 46 | |
| 1701141659 | Epicureanism | was a school of Athens founded by Epicurus toward the end of the 4th century. He believed that human beings were free to follow self- interest as a basic motivation force. | 47 | |
| 1701141660 | Mystery religions | Religions that involve initiation into secret rites that promise intense emotional involvement with spirtual forces and a greater chance of individual immortality | 48 | |
| 1701141661 | Stocism | Another school of thought, became the most popular philosophy of the Hellensistic world and later flourished in the Roman Empire as well | 49 | |
| 1701141662 | Eratosthenes | An stronomer who determined that the Earth was round and calculated its circumference at 24,675 miles | 50 | |
| 1701141663 | Euclid | Another Alexandrian scholae, lived aorund 300 BCE. Established a school in Alexandria but is lknown for his book Elements | 51 | |
| 1701141664 | Archimedes | The most famous scientist of the period. Spent most of his time on geometry of spheres and cylinders and pi. | 52 |
