Terms : Hide Images
| 2904999517 | Protestant Reformation | (16th century) movement to reform the Catholic Church, launched in Germany by Martin Luther. Reformers questioned the authority of the Pope, sought to eliminate the selling of indulgences, and encouraged the translation of the bible from Latin, which few at the time could read. The reformation launched in England in the 1530s when King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church. | 0 | |
| 2904999518 | Roanoke Island | (1585) Sir Walter Raleigh's failed colonial settlement off the coast of North Carolina. | 1 | |
| 2904999696 | Spanish Armada | (1588) Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. The defeat of the ______ marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire. | 2 | |
| 2904999697 | primogeniture | legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property of land. Landowner's younger sons, forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere, pioneered early exploration and settlement of the Americas. | 3 | |
| 2905000283 | joint-stock company | short-term partnerships between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial ventures. | 4 | |
| 2905000284 | charter | legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations. British colonial ________ guaranteed inhabitants all the rights of Englishmen, which helped solidify colonists' ties to Britain during the early years of settlement. | 5 | |
| 2905000285 | Jamestown | (1607) first permanent settlement in North America founded by the Virginia English Company. | 6 | |
| 2905000558 | First Anglo-Powhatan War | (1614) series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settles in Virginia. English colonists torched and pillages Indian villages, applying tactics used in England's campaigns against the Irish. | 7 | |
| 2905000559 | Second Anglo-Powhatan War | (1644-1646) last-ditch effort by the Indians to dislodge Virginia settlements. The resulting peace treaty formally separated white and Indian areas of settlement. | 8 | |
| 2905000748 | Act of Toleration | (1649) passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Ensured that Maryland would continue to attract a high proportion of Catholic migrants throughout the colonial period. | 9 | |
| 2905001075 | Barbados slave code | (1661) first formal statue governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters. Similar statutes were adopted by southern plantation societies on the North American mainland in the 17th and 18th centuries. | 10 | |
| 2905001076 | squatters | frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement. Many of North Carolina's early settlers were _________, who contributed to the colony's reputation as being more independent-minded and "democratic" than its neighbors. | 11 | |
| 2905001334 | Tuscarora War | (1711-1713) began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After the _________s were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its sixth nation. | 12 | |
| 2905001335 | Yamasee Indians | defeated by the south Carolinans in the war of 1715-1716. This defect devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the Southern colonies. | 13 | |
| 2905001590 | buffer | in politics, a territory between two antagonistic powers, intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them. In British North America, Georgia was established as a ______ colony between British and Spanish territory. | 14 | |
| 2905001931 | Iroquois Confederacy | (late 1500s) bound together five tribes—the Mowhawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas—in the Mowhawk Valley of what is now New York State. | 15 | |
| 2905002318 | Henry VIII | English monarch who broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s, launching the Protestant Reformation. | 16 | |
| 2905002319 | Elizabeth I | a Protestant monarch who took power in 1558, making Protestantism dominant with England and therefore intensifying the rivalry with Catholic Spain. | 17 | |
| 2905002451 | Sir Francis Drake | an English buccaneer who was very successful at plundering Spanish ships during a time of supposed peace between the empires. | 18 | |
| 2905002452 | Sir Walter Raleigh | organized an expedition and set up the first English colony, Roanoke, which ultimately failed after its inhabitants mysterious disappearance. | 19 | |
| 2905002458 | James I | English monarch who wrote a charter for the Virginia Company of London, who ultimately founded Jamestown. The charter guaranteed colonists rights as Englishmen. Much later, he grew hostile to Virginia and revoked the charter. This made Virginia a royal colony directly under his control. | 20 | |
| 2905002665 | Captain John Smith | an intrepid young adventurer among early colonists at Jamestown. Credited for "saving" Jamestown from an utter collapse, as most colonists were "gentlemen" unaccustomed to fending for themselves. This colonist whipped them into line with the rule "He who shall not work shall not eat." | 21 | |
| 2905002666 | Powhatan | Indian chieftain who subjected John Smith to a mock execution. His daughter Pocahontas "saved" Smith, a ritual intended to impress him with the power of the chieftain and the desire for peaceful relations between the Indians and the settlers. | 22 | |
| 2905002667 | Pocahontas | after supposedly saving Captain John Smith from execution, this Native American served as an intermediary between the Indians and the settlers, helping to preserve a shaky peace and to provide needed foodstuffs. | 23 | |
| 2905002877 | Lord De La Warr | the governor of a long-awaited relief party for Jamestown, who ordered settlers to return, imposed a harsh military regime on the colony, and soon undertook aggressive military actions against the Indians. | 24 | |
| 2905003071 | John Rolfe | married Pocahontas, sealing a peace settlement that ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614. Known as the father of the tobacco industry. | 25 | |
| 2905003072 | Lord Baltimore | an English Catholic who founded Maryland in 1634 as a refuge for Catholics facing discrimination in England. | 26 | |
| 2905003233 | Oliver Cromwell | a Puritan-soldier who replaced King Charles I when he was beheaded by Parliament in 1649. Ruled England for over a decade until King Charles II was restored to the throne. | 27 | |
| 2905003234 | James Oglethorpe | one of the founders of Georgia, who saved "the Charity Colony" as an imperialist (opposing the Spanish), a philanthropist, and an able leader. | 28 | |
| 2905003467 | Hiawatha | one of the founders of the Iroquois Confederacy. | 29 |
