Terms : Hide Images
| 3294714340 | Consciousness | ___________, also defined as awareness or wakefulness, is the state of being aware of an external object or something within oneself. | 0 | |
| 3294714341 | Conscious preconscious unconscious | Freud divided human consciousness into three levels of awareness: the _______, ________, and ________. Each of these levels corresponds and overlaps with Freud's ideas of the id, ego and superego | 1 | |
| 3294714342 | Conscious | The _________ level consists of all those things we are aware of, including things which we know about ourselves and our surroundings. | 2 | |
| 3294714343 | Preconscious | The _________ consists of those things which we could pay conscious attention to if we so desired, and where many memories are stored for easy retrieval. | 3 | |
| 3294714344 | Unconscious | The __________ consists of those things which are outside of conscious awareness, including many memories, thoughts, and urges of which we are not aware. | 4 | |
| 3294714345 | Perception | __________ is the process by which the mind selects, organizes, and interprets sensations. | 5 | |
| 3294714346 | Subliminal message | A ____________ is a signal or message embedded in another object, designed to pass below the normal limits of perception. | 6 | |
| 3294714347 | Hypnosis | ___________ is a trancelike state, artificially induced, in which a person has heightened suggestibility, and in which suppressed memories may be experienced. | 7 | |
| 3294714348 | Arousal content | Consciousness is often described using two distinct dimensions: ________ and _______. | 8 | |
| 3294714349 | Delta alpha theta beta | The four types of brain waves each correspond with one mental state: •Deep sleep - _______ •Twilight (drifting off to sleep) - ______ •light sleep - ______ •alert - ______ | 9 | |
| 3294714350 | 18 10-11 8.5 9.25 7 9 | Children need more sleep per day in order to develop and function properly: up to __ hours for newborn babies, with a declining rate as a child ages. Studies show that school age children need about ______ hours of sleep, adolescents need between ___ and _____, and adults generally between __ and __ hours. | 10 | |
| 3294714351 | Circadian Rhythms | ___________ are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that respond to light and darkness and are important in determining human sleep patterns. | 11 | |
| 3294714352 | non-REM sleep 10 | After the sleeper falls asleep, he or she enters into what is known as Stage 1 of _________. Stage 1 is the period when we "drift off". It lasts around __ minutes, and the sleeper is still easily awakened and might even deny having slept. | 12 | |
| 3294714353 | non-REM sleep 45-55 | Stage 2 of _________ occupies _____% of total sleep in adults. | 13 | |
| 3294714354 | non-REM sleep 30 45 | Stage 3 _________ is the beginning of deep sleep, occurring about __ to __ minutes after you first fall asleep. | 14 | |
| 3294714355 | REM sleep 20-25 90 | _________ is the stage of sleep during which most brain activity and dreams occur, characterized by rapid eye movement. It accounts for _______% of total sleep time in most human adults. An adult reaches it approximately every __ minutes, with the latter half of sleep being more dominated by this stage. | 15 | |
| 3294714356 | Dyssomnia | A _________ is any sleep disorder featuring an abnormality in the amount, quality, and timing of sleep. | 16 | |
| 3294714357 | Parasomnia | A _________ is a sleep disorder marked by irregular behavior or physiological occurrences happening during sleep or the transitional period between waking and sleeping. | 17 | |
| 3294714358 | Insomnia | ________ is the failure to get enough sleep at night in order to feel rested the next day. This is a type of Dyssomnia. | 18 | |
| 3294714359 | Sleep apnea | ________ is a disorder in which a person has trouble breathing while sleeping. This is a type of Dyssomnia. | 19 | |
| 3294714360 | Narcolepsy | ________ is a condition characterized by suddenly falling asleep or feeling very sleepy during the day. This is a type of Dyssomnia. | 20 | |
| 3294714361 | Sleep walking | ________ is where a person will get up and walk during the early hours of sleep. This is a type of Parasomnia. | 21 | |
| 3294714362 | Sleep talking | ________ is a particularly common sleep disorder. It can be one word, long speeches, or even an entire conversation. This is a type of Parasomnia. | 22 | |
| 3294714363 | Night terrors | ________ are characterized by a sudden arousal from deep sleep with a scream or cry, accompanied by some behavioral manifestations of intense fear. This is a type of Parasomnia. | 23 | |
| 3294714364 | Freud | _______'s theory centered around the notion of repressed longing — the idea that dreaming allows us to sort through unresolved, repressed ________. | 24 | |
| 3294714365 | Threat-simulation | __________ theory suggests that dreaming should be seen as an ancient biological defense mechanism. | 25 | |
| 3294714366 | Expectation fulfillment | __________ theory posits that dreaming serves to discharge emotional arousals (however minor) that haven't been expressed during the day. | 26 | |
| 3294714367 | Activation-synthesis | The __________ theory which states that dreams don't actually mean anything. | 27 | |
| 3294714368 | Continual-activation | The __________ theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming is a result of brain activation and synthesis. | 28 | |
| 3294714369 | Depressants | __________ cause the body to relax by increasing the neurotransmitter GABA, which decreases neuronal excitability. | 29 | |
| 3294714370 | Alcohol | _______: Though initially a stimulant, alcohol ultimately depresses the brain, resulting in relaxation and impaired judgment. This is a type of Depressant. | 30 | |
| 3294714371 | Barbiturates | _________: They are effective as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, and also have an analgesic (painkiller) effect. This is a type of Depressant. | 31 | |
| 3294714372 | Benzodiazepines | __________: They enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. This is a type of Depressant. | 32 | |
| 3294714373 | Cannabinoids | __________: Although Cannabis or Marijuana is often considered either in its own unique category or as a mild psychedelic, the drug — notably the chemical compound Cannabidiol it contains — nevertheless has many depressant effects such as muscle relaxation, sedation, decreased alertness, and tiredness. This is a type of Depressant. | 33 | |
| 3294714374 | Opioids | ________: They are any psychoactive chemical that resembles morphine or other opiates in its pharmacological effects. This is a type of Depressant. | 34 | |
| 3294714375 | Stimulants | _________ induce temporary improvements in mental and/or physical functions, and are commonly used as prescription or recreational drugs. | 35 | |
| 3294714376 | Amphetamines | ____________ are a group of stimulants that increase the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain through reuptake inhibition — meaning they block these neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed back into the neural networks. This is a type of Stimulant. | 36 | |
| 3294714377 | MDMA | _______, known by its common street name "Ecstasy," had a medical application as a treatment for depression and a psychotherapy aid until 1985, when it became a controlled substance. This is a type of Stimulant & Hallucinogen. | 37 | |
| 3294714378 | Cocaine | ________ is made from the leaves of the coca shrub, which grows in the mountain regions of South America. Most of its use is recreational and its abuse potential is high, and so its sale and possession are strictly controlled in most jurisdictions. This is a type of Stimulant. | 38 | |
| 3294714379 | Caffeine | ________ is a drug that is found naturally in coffee, tea, soft drinks, and cocoa. It stimulates the body, increases heart rate and blood pressure, and facilitates alertness and concentration. This is a type of Stimulant. | 39 | |
| 3294714380 | Nicotine | In very low concentrations, ________ also acts as a stimulant, and it is one of the main factors responsible for the dependence-forming properties of tobacco smoking. This is a type of Stimulant. | 40 | |
| 3294714381 | Narcotics | _________ are any class of substances or drugs, that reduces pain, induces sleep and may alter mood or behavior. | 41 | |
| 3294714382 | Hallucinogens | _________ are drugs that alter sensory input to the brain. This creates an altered sense of reality, as well as a change in emotions and thought patterns. | 42 | |
| 3294714383 | Psychedelics | ___________ are distinguished from the other two subclasses by their lack of addictive qualities, and the remarkable experiences one may experience under their influence. This is a subclass of Hallucinogens. | 43 | |
| 3294714384 | Dissociatives | ____________ are a subclass of hallucinogens that work by blocking or altering sensory perception (including senses that are perceived by the unconscious mind), creating a feeling of disconnection and depersonalization from one's body and reality in general. | 44 | |
| 3294714385 | Deliriants | __________ are very similar to dissociatives, and are considered to be true hallucinogens because the visuals they produce are hard or impossible to tell apart from reality. This is a subclass of Hallucinogens. | 45 | |
| 3294714386 | PCP | ___ (or Angel Dust) prevents the actions normally caused when a neurotransmitter called glutamate is able to attach to its receptor in the brain. This is a type of Hallucinogen. | 46 | |
| 3294714387 | LSD | ____ blocks serotonin from the brain which regulates mood, perception, muscle contraction, and other cognitive functions. It blocks serotonin because it is, structurally, similar to serotonin. This is a type of Hallucinogen. | 47 | |
| 3298384682 | Chronobiology | _________ is the study of the effects of time on biological systems, especially the effects of periodicity. | 48 | |
| 3298391516 | Circadian | _________ is of, or relating to, or showing rhythmic behavior with a period of 24 hours; especially of a biological process. | 49 | |
| 3298405541 | Dissociation | __________ is a state of consciousness in which certain thoughts or mental processes are compartmentalized; this is often an unconscious defense mechanism hat seeks to avoid emotional stress to the conscious mind. | 50 | |
| 3298416428 | Entrainment | __________ is the alignment of an organism's circadian rhythm to that of an external rhythm in its environment. | 51 | |
| 3298427389 | Latent | _______ means existing or present but concealed or inactive. | 52 | |
| 3298429806 | Manifest | _________ means obvious to understanding; apparent to the mind; easily apprehensible; plain; not obscure or hidden. | 53 | |
| 3298435276 | Mantra | __________ is a sound, word, or phrase repeated to assist concentration during meditation, originally in Hinduism. | 54 | |
| 3298441068 | Meditation | _________ is a practice in which an individual trains the mind and/or induces a mode of consciousness to realize some benefit, although it can be argued that it is a goal in and of itself a devotional exercise of, or leading to contemplation. | 55 | |
| 3298453734 | Polysomnography | ___________ is a multiparameter technique which documents multiple different psychological procedures during the night, for the purpose of diagnosing sleep-related disorders. | 56 | |
| 3298463661 | Subliminal perception | __________ is perception that is below he threshold of consciousness. | 57 | |
| 3298466219 | Trance | A _________ is a state of concentration, awareness and/or focus that filters information and experience; e.g. meditation, possession, etc. | 58 |
