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| 3636160786 | Aroostook War (began 1839) | Series of clashes between American and Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed territory of northern Maine, resolved when a permanent boundary was agreed upon in 1842. | 0 | |
| 3636160787 | Battle of Buena Vista (1847) | Key American victory against Mexican forces in the Mexican-American War. Elevated General Zachary Taylor to national prominence and helped secure his success in the 1848 presidential election. | 1 | |
| 3636160788 | California Bear Flag Republic (1846) | Short-lived California republic, established by local American settlers who revolted against Mexico. Once news of the war with Mexico reached the Americans, they abandoned the Republic in favor of joining the United States. | 2 | |
| 3636160789 | Caroline (1837) | Diplomatic row between the United States and Britain. Developed after British troops set fire to an American steamer carrying supplies across the Niagara River to Canadian insurgents, during Canada's short-lived insurrection. | 3 | |
| 3636160790 | Conscience Whigs (1840s and 1850s) | Northern Whigs who opposed slavery on moral grounds. They sought to prevent the annexation of Texas as a slave state, fearing that the new slave territory would only serve to buttress the Southern "slave power". | 4 | |
| 3636160791 | Creole (1841) | American ship captured by a group of rebelling Virginia slaves. The slaves successfully sought asylum in the Bahamas, raising fears among Southern planters that the British West Indies would become a safe haven for runaway slaves. | 5 | |
| 3636160792 | "Fifty-four forty or fight" (1846) | Slogan adopted by mid-nineteenth century expansionists who advocated the occupation of Oregon territory, jointly held by Britain and the United States. Though President Polk had pledged to seize all of Oregon, to 54° 40', he settled on the forty-ninth parallel as a compromise with the British. | 6 | |
| 3636160793 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) | Ended the war with Mexico. Mexico agreed to cede territory reaching northwest from Texas to Oregon in exchange for $18.25 million in cash and assumed debts. | 7 | |
| 3636160794 | Liberty party (1840-1848) | Antislavery party that ran candidates in the 1840 and 1844 elections before merging with the Free Soil party. Supporters of the this party sought the eventual abolition of slavery, but in the short term hoped to halt the expansion of slavery into the territories and abolish the domestic slave trade. | 8 | |
| 3636160795 | Manifest Destiny (1840s and 1850s) | Belief that the United States was destined by God to spread its "empire of liberty" across North America. Served as a justification for mid-nineteenth century expansionism. | 9 | |
| 3636160796 | spot resolutions (1846) | Measures introduced by Illinois congressman Abraham Lincoln, questioning President James K. Polk's justification for war with Mexico. Lincoln requested that Polk clarify precisely where Mexican forces had attacked American troops. | 10 | |
| 3636160797 | Tariff of 1842 | Protective measure passed by Congressional Whigs, raising tariffs to pre-Compromise of 1833 rates. | 11 | |
| 3636160798 | Walker Tariff (1846) | Revenue-enhancing measure that lowered tariffs from 1842 levels thereby fueling trade and increasing Treasury receipts. | 12 | |
| 3636160799 | Wilmot Proviso (1846) | Amendment that sought to prohibit slavery from territories acquired from Mexico. Introduced by Pennsylvania congressman David Wilmot, the failed amendment ratcheted up tensions between North and South over the issue of slavery. | 13 | |
| 3636160800 | William Henry Harrison | Governor of the Indiana Territories who became a national hero after the Battle of Tippecanoe. The last Whig President, he was also the first president to die in office (pneumonia). He was the 9th president in 1841, he won the election because of his military success and his lack of a public stand on key issues. | 14 | |
| 3636160801 | John Tyler | elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery | 15 | |
| 3636160802 | Zachary Taylor | General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated. | 16 | |
| 3636160803 | James K. Polk | president in March 1845. wanted to settle Oregon boundary dispute with Britain. wanted to acquire California. wanted to incorporate Texas into union. | 17 | |
| 3636160804 | Santa Anna | Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876) | 18 | |
| 3636160805 | Stephen Kearney | This Colonel, under the direction of Polk, led a small army that captured Santa Fe with no opposition. He then proceeded to California where he joined a conflict already in progress that was being staged jointly by American settlers. | 19 | |
| 3636160806 | John Fremont | American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the United States Republican Party for the office of President of the United States. First Presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform of opposition to slavery (lost election of 1856). | 20 | |
| 3636160807 | Winfield Scott | United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866) | 21 | |
| 3636160808 | Nicolas Trist | Chief clerk of the State Department, 1848; arranged armistice with Santa Anna; signed Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo; secured Texas and other land as American territories. | 22 |
