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| 4069721218 | Gross National Product | It slumped low low in 1946-1947 from its wartime peak. With the removal of wartime price controls, prices giddily levitated by 33% in 1946-1947. | 0 | |
| 4069721219 | Taft-Hartley Act | The conservative Republican congress got back at the New Deal by passing the tariff over Truman's veto. It outlawed the closed shop, made unions liable for damages that resulted from jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required union leaders to take a noncommunist oath. | 1 | |
| 4069721220 | Council of Economic Advisors | The Employment Act of 1946 created it. It provided the president with the data and the recommendations to make that policy a reality. | 2 | |
| 4069721221 | GI Bill | It was passed in 1944. It was passed partially in fear that the employment markets would never be able to absorb 15 million returning veterans when the war ended. It made generous provisions for sending the former soldiers to school. It boosted economic expansion. | 3 | |
| 4069721222 | Describe the downs and ups of the economy in the years following WWII. | After WWII, the growth of organized labor was slowed. Unions became less popular. Workers separated, so they were harder to organized. To stall the economic downfall, the Democratic admission sold war factories and other government installations to private businesses at low prices. | 4 | |
| 4069721223 | Describe the effects of prosperity in the post-WWII years. Also, how did women benefit from the economic boom? | Incomes doubled. The prosperity transformed the lives of a majority of citizens and molded the agenda of politics and society for at least two generations. It paved the way for the civil rights movement. It funded vast new welfare programs. It gave Americans confidence. More families were able to afford cars and household appliances. Women benefited the most. Tons of jobs were opened up to them. It sparked a feminist revolt in the 1960s. | 5 | |
| 4069721225 | Productivity | The amount of output per hour of input. | 6 | |
| 4069721226 | What evidence can you cite that shows the years 1950-1970 were good years economically? What role did military spending play in the economy? | War factories helped rebuild the economy. The prosperity rested on military budgets. The military budget financed much scientific research and development (R and D). Cheap energy also fed the economic boom. Productivity increased. This was partially due to the rising education level of the workforce. The standard of living therefore doubled. Less people were farmers. | 7 | |
| 4076201661 | Benjamin Spock | In 1945, he wrote The Common Sense Book of Baby and Childcare. Since families were moving and spreading out, it instructed millions of parents in the homely wisdom that was once passed naturally from parent to child. | 8 | |
| 4076201662 | Sunbelt | It's a 15 state area from Virginia through Florida and Texas to Arizona and California. In the decades following WWII, it increased its popularity. | 9 | |
| 4076201663 | Frostbelt | It was the old industrial zone of the Northeast. | 10 | |
| 4076201664 | Rustbelt | It was the region of the Ohio Valley. | 11 | |
| 4076201665 | Federal housing administration and Veterans administration | They made it more economically appealing to move out to the suburbs. Tax deductions for interest payments on home mortgages provided additional financial incentive. | 12 | |
| 4076201666 | Levittown | It was the first suburb, created by the Levitt brothers, on New York's Long Island. | 13 | |
| 4076201667 | White flight | Whites tended to move from the cities to the suburbs, while blacks moved in for the jobs whites left behind. | 14 | |
| 4076201668 | Was the shift to the suburbs good for America? Explain. | It led to racial segregation. | 15 | |
| 4076201669 | Baby Boom | It was the huge leap in the birthrate in the decade and a half after 1945. | 16 | |
| 4076201670 | How did the bulge in population caused by the Baby Boom change American life over the decades? | Elementary schools gained a ton more students. The baby boomers made up a market for manufacturers of canned food and other baby products. As teenagers in the 1960s, the kids spent an estimated $20 billion a year for clothes and recorded rock music. In the 1970s, jeans were sold like crazy to the kids. In the 1980s, the kids competed to get into a crowded job market. In the 1990s, the generation began to enter middle age, and it raised its own as secondary boom of children. In the 21st-century, when the baby boomers eventually passed into retirement, enormous strains were placed on the Social Security system. | 17 | |
| 4078652104 | Who was moving to the suburbs? How did suburbs revolutionize life in America? | War veterans, whites, and middle-class. Women usually worked in the home, so much so that suburbs came to symbolize the domestic consignment that feminist in the 1960s and 1970s decried in their campaign for women's rights. families build their homes around leisures. The center of family life shifted to the fenced in backyard. Institutions that had thrived as social centers in the cities had a tougher time attracting patrons. A car culture spring up with new destinations, like drive-through restaurants and drive-in movies. The suburbs themselves became important sites of employment. They fought to maintain their communities as secluded retreats, independent municipalities with their own taxes, schools, and zoning restrictions designed to keep out public housing and the poor. | 18 | |
| 4078652105 | "The buck stops here" | President Truman place to sign on his desk that read the buck stops here. | 19 | |
| 4078652106 | What kind of man was Harry S. Truman? | He didn't have a college education. He had farmed and served as an artillery officer in France during World War I. He rose from a judgeship to the US Senate. He gradually gained confidence. | 20 | |
| 4078652107 | Yalta | In 1945, the big three met at Yalta. Final plans were laid for defeating the Germans and assigning occupation zones in Germany to the victorious powers. Stalin agreed that Poland, with revised boundaries, should have a representative government based on free elections. Bulgaria and Romania would likewise have free elections. | 21 | |
| 4078652108 | United nations | It was created at the Yalta conference. It was united peacekeeping organization. | 22 | |
| 4078652109 | Why was the Yalta conference controversial in the decade following it? | Critics charged that Roosevelt had sold Jiang Jieshi down the river what do you conceded control of China is Manchuria to Stahelin. This contributed powerfully to Jiang's overthrow by the Communists four years later. People who supported Roosevelts argued that if Stalin had kept his promise to support free elections in Poland and the liberated Balkans, they would've had better relations in the long run. | 23 | |
| 4078852825 | How did similarities and differences both cause the US and the USSR to have difficulties dealing with each other? | America was capitalistic while the USSR was communist. These social philosophies clashed. The two countries also shared different versions of the post-war world. Stahelin wanted to guarantee the security of the Soviet union. He made it clear that he was determined to have friendly governments along the Soviet western border, especially in Poland. By maintaining an extensive Soviet sphere of influence and Eastern and Central Europe, the USSR could protect itself. On the other hand, Roosevelt dreamed of an open world, do you colonized, demilitarized, and democratized, with a strong international organization to oversee global peace. | 24 | |
| 4078852826 | International Monetary Fund | It was established in 1944 by the Western allies. It was designed to encourage world trade by regulating currency exchange rates. | 25 | |
| 4078754968 | World bank | It was created to promote economic growth in war ravaged and underdeveloped areas. | 26 | |
| 4078754969 | Security council | It was dominated by the five big powers, United States, Britain, the USSR, France, and China. The UN provided that no member of the council could have action taken against it without its consent. | 27 | |
| 4078754970 | General assembly | The United Nations also featured an assembly, which could be controlled by smaller countries. | 28 | |
| 4078754971 | United Nations | It had some success. It's helped preserve peace and Iran, Cashmere, and other trouble spots. It played a large role in creating the new Jewish state of Israel. | 29 | |
| 4078754972 | Educational, scientific, and cultural organization; Food and agricultural organization; World Health organization | The organizations were created by the United Nations to bring benefits to people across the world. | 30 | |
| 4078754976 | Nuremberg | It was where the war trials for German Nazi leaders were held during 1945 to 1946. | 31 | |
| 4078754977 | Hermann Goering | He was a Nazi leader who was supposed to be hung, but he committed suicide. | 32 | |
| 4078754978 | Big four | At the end of World War II, Germany had been divided into four military occupation zones, it's assigned to one of the big four powers, France, Britain, America, and the USSR. | 33 | |
| 4078754979 | Iron curtain | It was the boundary between the Soviet occupation zone and the American occupation zone. | 34 | |
| 4078754980 | Berlin airlift | America had created a giant airlift in Berlin. | 35 | |
| 4078754981 | What problems did Germany cause between the US and the USSR? | The US understood that a healthy German economy was imperative for the rest of Europe, but the Soviets resisted all efforts to revitalize Germany. Eventually, the allies planned to reunite Germany, but the Soviets refused to loosen the grip on their Eastern zone. | 36 | |
| 4078754982 | George Kennan | He crafted the containment doctrine. | 37 | |
| 4078754983 | Containment | The US wanted to contain communism from spreading. | 38 | |
| 4078754984 | Truman doctrine | It was passed in 1947. Truman asked for $400 million to bolster Greece and Turkey, which Congress quickly granted. More generally, he declared that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. | 39 | |
| 4078754985 | Marshall plan | It was proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall. The Marshall plan called for spending $12.5 billion over four years in 16 cooperating countries. It was a huge success. American dollars help to boost economies in western European nations. The communist parties in Italy and France lost ground. | 40 | |
| 4078754987 | National security act | It was passed in 1947. It created the department of defense. It also created the national Security Council and the Central intelligence agency. | 41 | |
| 4078754988 | Defense department | It was housed in the pentagon building on the banks of the Potomac and it was headed by a new cabinet officer, the secretary of defense. | 42 | |
| 4078754989 | Joint Chiefs of staff | The uniformed heads of each service (army, navy, Air Force) were brought together as the joint Chiefs of staff. | 43 | |
| 4078754990 | National security council | It was created to advise the president on security matters. | 44 | |
| 4078754991 | Central intelligence agency | It was created to coordinate the governments for fact-gathering. | 45 | |
| 4078754992 | Voice of America | The voice of America, authorized by Congress in 1948, began beaming American radio broadcasts. | 46 | |
| 4078754993 | North Atlantic Treaty organization | It was signed on April 4, 1949. The 12 original signatories pledged to regard an attack on one as an attack on all and promised to respond with armed force if necessary. The Senate approved the treaty on July 21, 1949. Membership was boosted to 14 in 1952 by the inclusion of Greece and Turkey, to 15 and 1955 by the addition of West Germany. | 47 | |
| 4078754995 | Douglas MacArthur | He helped democratize Japan. Had stunning success. He helped the constitution be created in 1946. It renounced militarism, provided for women's equality, and introduced western style democratic government. | 48 | |
| 4078754996 | Jiang Jiesh | There was a nationalist government of Generalissimo Jiang Jieshi in his struggle with the Communists under Mao Zedong. But corruption with in the regime gradually began to corroded the confidence of the people. Communist armies swept South overwhelmingly, and late in 1949, Jiang was forced to flee with the remanence of his once powerful force to the last hope island of Taiwan. | 49 | |
| 4078754998 | H-bomb | To outpace the Soviets a Nuclear Weaponry, Truman ordered the development of the hydrogen bomb, a city smashing device that was 1000 times more powerful than the atomic bomb. J Robert Oppenheimer led a group of scientists in opposition to the program. Truman didn't listen. The United States exploded its first hydrogen device in 1952. Not to be outdone, the Soviets countered with their first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1953. | 50 | |
| 4079157656 | Dennis v. United states | In 1949, 11 Communists were brought before a New York jury for violating the smith act of 1940, the first peacetime anti-sedition law since 1798. Convicted of advocating the overthrow of the American government by force, the defendants were sent to prison. The Supreme Court upheld their convictions in the case in 1951. | 51 | |
| 4079157657 | Committee on Un-American activities | It was established by the house of representatives in 1938. It was created to investigate subversion. | 52 | |
| 4079157658 | Richard Nixon | In 1948, committee member of the HU a C, Richard Nixon, and a vicious red catcher, led to the chase after Alger Hiss. | 53 | |
| 4079157659 | Algar Hiss | He was a prominent ex-new dealer and a distinguished member of the eastern establishment. Accused of being a communist agents in the 1930s, he demanded the right to defend himself. He denied everything but was caught in embarrassing falsehoods, convicted of perjury in 1950, and sentenced to five years in prison. | 54 | |
| 4079157660 | Joseph McCarthy | Senator Joseph McCarthy led the search for communists. | 55 | |
| 4079157661 | McCarran internal security bill | It was passed in 1950. Along with other provisions, it authorized the president to arrest and detain suspicious people during an internal security emergency. It was passed over Truman's veto. | 56 | |
| 4079157662 | Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | They were convicted in 1951 of espionage and, after prolonged appeals, went to the electric chair in 1953. They became the only people in American history ever executed in peacetime for espionage. | 57 | |
| 4079157663 | Did the US government go too far trying to prevent communist infiltration? | In 1947, Truman launched a massive loyalty program. The attorney general drew up a list of 90 supposedly disloyal organizations, none of it which was given the opportunity to prove it's innocence. The loyalty review board investigated more than 3 million of federal employees, some 3000 of whom either resign or were dismissed. Loyalty oaths were being demanded to employees. | 58 | |
| 4079157664 | Dixiecrats | Truman's nomination split the party in half. They nominated governor Strom Thurmond of South Carolina on a states rights party ticket. | 59 | |
| 4079157666 | Henry Wallace | He decided to run and he was nominated at Philadelphia by the new progressive party, a bizarre collection of former new dealers, pacifists, well-meaning liberals, and communist fronters. | 60 | |
| 4079157667 | "Dewey defeats Truman" | On election night, the Chicago tribune ran off an early edition with the headline Dewey defeats Truman. But in the morning, it turned out that Dewey had an embarrassing defeat. Truman had won. | 61 | |
| 4079157668 | Four point | The plan was to lend US money and technical aid to underdeveloped lands to help them help themselves. Truman wanted to spend millions to keep underprivileged people's from the coming communists rather than spend billions to shoot them after they had become communist. The program was officially launched in 1950, and it brought badly needed assistance to impoverished countries, notably in Latin America, Africa, the near east, and the far east. | 62 | |
| 4079157669 | Fair deal | German created the program in 1949. It called for improved housing, full employment, a higher minimum-wage, better farm price supports, new TVA's, and an extension of Social Security. But most of the fair deal fell victim to congressional opposition from Republicans and southern Democrats. The only major successes came in raising the minimum wage, providing for public housing in the housing act of 1949, and extending old age insurance to many more beneficiaries in the Social Security act of 1950. | 63 | |
| 4080701154 | 38th parallel | When Japan collapsed in 1945, Soviet troops had excepted the Japanese surrender north of the 38th parallel on the Korean Peninsula, and American troops had done likewise south of that line. Both superpowers professed to want the reunification and independence of Korea, a Japanese colony since 1910. But, as in Germany, each helped to set up rivalry regimes above and below the parallel. | 64 | |
| 4080701155 | Dean Acheson | He was the Secretary of State who declared in a memorable speech that Korea was outside the essential United States defense perimeter in the Pacific. | 65 | |
| 4080701156 | NSC-68 | Truman's national Security Council had recommended the famous document of 1950, known as a national security council member random number 68, or NSC 68, that the United States should quadruple it's defense spending. At the time, it was buried because it was considered politically impossible, but it was resurrected by the Korean crisis. It was the key document of the Cold War period, not only because it marked a major step in the militarization of American foreign-policy, but also because it vividly reflected the sense of almost limitless possibility that pervaded postwar American society. | 66 | |
| 4080701157 | Police action | Originally, United States was simply participating in the United Nations police action. | 67 | |
| 4080701158 | What was the impact of the Korean War on the Cold War? | It intensified the conflict. | 68 | |
| 4080701159 | Pusan perimeter | Rather than fight his way out of the southern Pusan perimeter, MacArthur launched A daring landing behind the enemy lines at Inchon. This bold gamble succeeded brilliantly. | 69 | |
| 4080701160 | Inchon | 70 | ||
| 4080701161 | Chinese volunteers | In November 1950, tens of thousands of Chinese volunteers fell upon MacArthur's brashly drawn lines and hurled the united nations forces reeling back down the peninsula. | 71 | |
| 4080701162 | Douglas MacArthur | 72 | ||
| 4080701163 | Why did Truman fire MacArthur? | McArthur favorited a blockade of the Chinese coast and bombardment of Chinese bases in Manchuria. However, the government refused. MacArthur felt that he was being asked to fight with one hand tied behind his back. When the general began to take issue publicly with presidential policies, Truman had no choice but to remove him. | 73 | |
| 4080701164 | What is the current opinion of most historians on the above question? | Most believe that the Soviet Union was the aggressor and U.S. had supposedly acted in defensive intentions. However, this view changed in the 1960s. | 74 |
