CH 4 VOCAB
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| 1821719852 | Cyrus the Great | king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC) | 0 | |
| 1821719853 | Zoroastrianism | system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster | 1 | |
| 1821719854 | Olympic Games | one of the pan-Hellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involved athletic competitions and ritual celebrations | 2 | |
| 1821719855 | Pericles | Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece | 3 | |
| 1821719856 | Peloponnesian War | a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta | 4 | |
| 1821719857 | Philip II of Macedon | king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC) | 5 | |
| 1821719858 | Hellenistic Period | that culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as the combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms | 6 | |
| 1821719859 | Alexandria, Egypt | one of many cities of that name founded by Alexander the Great; site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies | 7 | |
| 1821719860 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. (p. 148) | 8 | |
| 1821719861 | Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. | 9 | |
| 1821719862 | Carthage | an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis | 10 | |
| 1821719863 | Hannibal | general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War | 11 | |
| 1821719864 | Diocletian | Roman emperor (284-305CE) restored empire by improving administration and tax collection. | 12 | |
| 1821719865 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 13 | |
| 1821719866 | Polis | A city-state in ancient Greece | 14 | |
| 1821719867 | Senate | In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats. | 15 | |
| 1821719868 | Consuls | Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies | 16 | |
| 1821719869 | Cicero | A senator and a famous orator of Rome. Calm and philosophical when meeting excited Casca during the night before the assassination; triumvirs put him to death | 17 | |
| 1821719870 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. | 18 | |
| 1821719871 | Socrates | philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method; tutor of Plato | 19 | |
| 1821719872 | Stoics | Hellenistic group of philosophers; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery | 20 | |
| 1821719873 | Plato | Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society | 21 | |
| 1821719874 | Sophacles | (496-406BCE) great Athenian playwright. famous play: Oedipus Rex | 22 | |
| 1821719875 | Illiad | epic tale of the trojan war | 23 | |
| 1821719876 | Odyssey | a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy | 24 | |
| 1821719877 | Doric | Along with Ionian and Corinthian; distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the least ornate of the three styles | 25 | |
| 1821719878 | Ionic | a taller, thinner column with scroll shapes on its capital | 26 | |
| 1821719879 | Corinthian | Along with Doric and Ionian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the most ornate of the three styles. | 27 | |
| 1821719880 | Julius Caesar | conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC) | 28 | |
| 1821719881 | Agustus Caesar | Octavian, a.k.a. _____________, stabilized the frontier, glorified Rome, instituted civil service, and defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra. | 29 | |
| 1821719882 | Direct Democracy | A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives | 30 |
