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| 3764603708 | cognition | All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | 0 | |
| 3764604334 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | 1 | |
| 3764604341 | prototype | A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments. | 2 | |
| 3764606969 | algorithm | A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. | 3 | |
| 3764606970 | heuristics | Mental shortcuts or "rules of thumb" that often lead to a solution (but not always). | 4 | |
| 3764608630 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions | 5 | |
| 3764608631 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence | 6 | |
| 3764609460 | fixation | According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved. | 7 | |
| 3764609461 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | 8 | |
| 3764610251 | functional fixedness | The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. | 9 | |
| 3764610252 | representative heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevent information | 10 | |
| 3764611258 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common | 11 | |
| 3764613779 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements | 12 | |
| 3764614397 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. | 13 | |
| 3764614398 | priming | The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. | 14 | |
| 3764615274 | belief bias | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid | 15 | |
| 3764615801 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | 16 | |
| 3764616764 | artificial intelligence | a subdiscipline of computer science that attempts to simulate human thinking | 17 | |
| 3764617368 | phonemes | In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. | 18 | |
| 3764617369 | morphemes | smallest unit of meaning | 19 | |
| 3764618967 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | 20 | |
| 3764618968 | semantics | Meaning of words and sentences | 21 | |
| 3764620158 | syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. | 22 | |
| 3764620172 | babbling | stage of language development at about 4 months when an infant spontaneously utters nonsense sounds | 23 | |
| 3764621600 | one word stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks in mostly single words | 24 | |
| 3764622978 | two word stage | Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements. | 25 | |
| 3764622979 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram - "go car" - using mostly nouns and verbs | 26 | |
| 3764625520 | language acquisition device | Chomsky's concept of an innate, prewired mechanism in the brain that allows children to acquire language naturally | 27 | |
| 3764626097 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 28 | |
| 3764626879 | linguistic relativity theory | view that characteristics of language shape our thought processes but do not control it completely | 29 | |
| 3764627440 | Bilingual | speaking two languages | 30 | |
| 3764627441 | thinking with images, not words | 31 | ||
| 3764628154 | Broca's area | Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech. | 32 | |
| 3764628155 | Wernicke's area | controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe | 33 | |
| 3764666385 | B. F. Skinner | pioneer in operant conditioning; behavior is based on an organism's reinforcement history; worked with pigeons. | 34 | |
| 3764667136 | Noam Chomsky | stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language, humans have an inborn native ability to develop language | 35 | |
| 3764667137 | Benjamin Whorf | his hypothesis is that language determines the way we think | 36 | |
| 3764667754 | Wolfgang Kohler | came up with the idea of Gestalt | 37 | |
| 3764667755 | Allen and Beatrix Gardner | The researchers who taught Washoe the chip how to sign | 38 | |
| 3764668805 | Genie | A girl who was locked up for 14 years and when she was found, she had missed the critical period where she could have learned language so she could not speak and was extremely socially disabled | 39 |
