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| 5760436441 | Great Zimbabwe | -City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. | 0 | |
| 5760436442 | Monsoon | a seasonal wind | 1 | |
| 5760438280 | Berbers | a cluster of related dialects that were once the major language of northern Africa west of Egypt, also an ethnic minority descended from and Arabs and living in northern Africa | 2 | |
| 5760440540 | Timbuktu | -City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali -founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000 -part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning. | 3 | |
| 5760440541 | Axum | an empire in the Ethiopian highlands; received influences from the Arabian peninsula; converted to Christianity; later part of Ethiopia | 4 | |
| 5760442681 | Bantu | - Earliest Bantu speakers were in region embracing eastern part of modern Nigeria and southern part of modern Cameroon - Bantu means people - Early Bantu speakers settled on banks of rivers | 5 | |
| 5760445867 | Ghana, Mali, Songhay | *First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. Islam was mainly used to reinforce the concept of kingship and much of the population never converted. *West African kingdom found in the thirteenth century by Sundiata; it reach its peak during the reign of Mansa Musa *Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali | 6 | |
| 5760448580 | Ibn Battuta | -Arab scholar, merchant, and public official -Morocco-Arabian Empire -traveled 75,000 miles studied and learn about people everywhere -stories show what time period was like, learn about Islamic world | 7 | |
| 5760450321 | desertification | The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture | 8 | |
| 5760450322 | Swahili | referring to those who engaged in trade along the east African coast | 9 | |
| 5760452830 | Mansu Musa | -Ruler of Mali -His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. | 10 | |
| 5760479950 | Masai | -nomadic people in Africa who raised cattle and believed that their pastoral way of life was superior to their agricultural neighbor's -created a group identity by a practice of initiation for adolescent boys from a variety of villages that bound them forever | 11 |
