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| 5692462620 | antiparallel | Referring to the arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (they run in opposite 5′ → 3′ directions). | 0 | |
| 5692465519 | chitin | A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods. | 1 | |
| 5692465520 | catalyst | A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. | 2 | |
| 5692468571 | double helix | The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape. | 3 | |
| 5692472429 | enzyme | A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Most enzymes are proteins. | 4 | |
| 5692478481 | fat | A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called a triacylglycerol or triglyceride. | 5 | |
| 5692481743 | fatty acid | A carboxylic acid with a long carbon chain. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form a fat molecule, also known as a triacylglycerol or triglyceride. | 6 | |
| 5692481744 | glycogen | An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. | 7 | |
| 5692485436 | glycosidic linkage | A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. | 8 | |
| 5692488385 | hydrolysis | A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers. | 9 | |
| 5692493478 | lipid | Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, with water. | 10 | |
| 5692497386 | monomer | The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer. | 11 | |
| 5692497387 | Monosaccharide | The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, monosaccharides have molecular formulas that are generally some multiple of CH2O. | 12 | |
| 5692500518 | nucleic acid | A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA. | 13 | |
| 5692505691 | nucleotide | The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate groups. | 14 | |
| 5692505692 | peptide bond | The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction. | 15 | |
| 5692508798 | phospholipid | A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest of the molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head. Phospholipids form bilayers that function as biological membranes. | 16 | |
| 5692515651 | polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds. | 17 | |
| 5692515652 | polynucleotide | A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers in a chain. The nucleotides can be those of DNA or RNA. | 18 | |
| 5692518760 | polypeptide | A polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. | 19 | |
| 5692523798 | polysaccharide | A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions. | 20 | |
| 5692523799 | protein | A biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure. | 21 | |
| 5692526506 | purine | One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines. | 22 | |
| 5692530904 | pyrimidine | One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring. Cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) are pyrimidines. | 23 | |
| 5692534966 | ribonucleic acid (RNA) | A type of nucleic acid consisting of a polynucleotide made up of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses. | 24 | |
| 5692534967 | ribose | The sugar component of RNA nucleotides. | 25 | |
| 5692538684 | sickle-cell disease | A recessively inherited human blood disorder in which a single nucleotide change in the β-globin gene causes hemoglobin to aggregate, changing red blood cell shape and causing multiple symptoms in afflicted individuals. | 26 | |
| 5692542201 | trans fat | An unsaturated fat, formed artificially during hydrogenation of oils, containing one or more trans double bonds. | 27 | |
| 5692546448 | triacylglycerol | A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called a fat or triglyceride. | 28 | |
| 5692551176 | unsaturated fatty acid | A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton. | 29 | |
| 5692553751 | X-ray crystallography | A technique used to study the three-dimensional structure of molecules. It depends on the diffraction of an X-ray beam by the individual atoms of a crystallized molecule. | 30 |
