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AP Language & Composition: Syntax Flashcards

Syntax- the arrangement of words and the order of grammatical elements in a sentence.

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6465679475DeclarativeA sentence that makes a statement.0
6465679476ImperativeA sentence that gives a command.1
6465679477InterrogativeA sentence that asks a question2
6465679478ExclamatoryA sentence that provides emphasis or expresses strong emotion.3
6465679479Simple SentenceContains one independent clause4
6465679480Compound SentenceContains two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon.5
6465679481Complex SentenceContains and independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses6
6465679482Compound- Complex Sentencecontains two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.7
6465679483Cumulative SentenceMakes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending. The sentence could end before the modifying phrases without losing its coherence.8
6465679484Periodic SentenceMakes sense fully only when the end of the sentence is reached.9
6465679485InversionConstructing a sentence o the predicate comes before the subject. This is a device in which typical sentence patterns are reversed to create an emphatic or rhythmic affect.10
6465679486JuxtapositionPlacing two elements sibe by side to present a comparison or contrast., The arrangement of two or more ideas, characters, actions, settings, phrases, or words side-by-side or in similar narrative moments for the purpose of comparison, contrast, rhetorical effect, suspense, or character development.11
6465679487Parallel StructureThe repetition of phrases, clauses, or sentences that have the same grammatical structure12
6465679488RepetitionThe repeated use of the same word or word pattern as a rhetorical device13
6465679489Rhetorical QuestionA statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered14
6465679490AnaphoraThe repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences15
6465679491AsyndetonA construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions16
6465679492ChiasmusA sentence strategy in which the arrangement of ideas in a second clause is a reversal of the first.17
6465679493Polysyndetonusing several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in 'he ran and jumped and laughed for joy')18
6465679494Zeugmause of a word to govern two or more words though appropriate to only one19
6465679495Words that describe style and syntaxPlain, spare, austere, unadorned Ornate, elaborate, flowery Jumbled, chaotic, obfuscating Erudite, esoteric Journalistic, terse, laconic Harsh, grating Mellifluous, musical lilting, lyrical20

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