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| 6270382235 | homeotic genes | Genes that control where a body part goes on an organism and are very importnat to the concept of macroevolution (spacial arragement) | 0 | |
| 6270319471 | anagenesis | one species evolves into one different species | 1 | |
| 6270321754 | cladogenesis | true speciation; one species diverges into two or more species | 2 | |
| 6270323885 | speciation addresses... | how new species originate and develop via the restriction of gene flow within a population that leads to subdivisions and divergence within the gene pool | 3 | |
| 6270323886 | Biological Species Concept | a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to breed with each other in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring but who cannot produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other species | 4 | |
| 6270326502 | reproductive isolation | One species is reproductively isolated from another and cannot produce viable fertile offspring with members of another species. | 5 | |
| 6270334015 | prezygotic barriers | These function before the formation of a zygote by preventing mating between species or successful fertilization should gametes meet. | 6 | |
| 6270334016 | habitat isolation | two closely related species that live in the same area but occupy different habitats - basically, they don't meet. | 7 | |
| 6270334017 | temporal isolation | two species in the same geographic area breed at different times (of the day, season, or years) | 8 | |
| 6270337156 | behavioral isolation | one species exhibits a unique behavior to attract mates and these behaviors and signals are species specific, and does not "work" on other species. | 9 | |
| 6270337157 | mechanical isolation | anatomical incompatibilities prevent mating with members of other species. sperm transfer is NOT possible | 10 | |
| 6270339244 | gametic isolation | individuals of two different species can mate but their gametes fail to fuse (egg is not fertilized) - sperm cannot penetrate egg membrane - internal environment of the female reproductive tract kills the sperm - recognition molecules on the sperm and egg do not match | 11 | |
| 6270339245 | postzygotic barriers | Should a zygote form, these prevent it from developing into a viable, fertile adult | 12 | |
| 6270344213 | reduced hybrid viability (F1 hybrid breakdown) | due to genetic incompatibility between two species, the hybrid zygote fails to survive embryonic development and the zygote is spontaneously aborted or the offspring are weak and infertile after birth | 13 | |
| 6270346770 | reduced hybrid fertility | the hybrid is viable, but is infertile. this is often due to the inability to produce normal gametes in meiosis (due to differing chromosome number) | 14 | |
| 6270348844 | F2 hybrid breakdown | F1 hybrids are viable and fertile, but their offspring are sterile or weak | 15 | |
| 6270352753 | limitations of the biological species concept | 1. Some species reproduce asexually and cannot be defined using this concept 2. Cannot be applied to fossils | 16 | |
| 6270352754 | Morphological species concept | Uses physical similarities to identify species. Most species have been identified this way - but can be deceiving! | 17 | |
| 6270357073 | paleontological species concept | applies to species that are only known from the fossil record | 18 | |
| 6270357074 | ecological species concept | defines species on the basis of the ecological niche, the role they play, and resources they use in the specific enviroments in which they are found. | 19 | |
| 6270358722 | phylogenetic species concept | emphasizes the evolutionary lineage of a species through which each species has a unique genetic history, producing distinct physical characteristics or molecular sequences | 20 | |
| 6270948187 | sibling species | species that are morphologically indistinguishable but are closely related | 21 | |
| 6270360935 | allopatric speciation | "different country" geographic isolation interrupts gene flow between two subpopulations. the subpopulations experience different mutations, selection pressures, and genetic drift along with pre and post zygotic barriers to speciate | 22 | |
| 6270363125 | sympatric speciation | "same country" speciation without geographic isolation. it requires the emergence of reproductive barriers that prevents gene flow | 23 | |
| 6270363126 | polyploidy | (plants) A condition in which mistakes during cell division lead to an organism having multiple sets of chromosomes. This can lead to new species in plants | 24 | |
| 6270365010 | autopolyploidy | These organisms have two or more sets of chromosomes that all come from the SAME species. Failure with cell division produces a tetraploid (4n) organism which cannot breed with the parent species, but can fertilize itself. | 25 | |
| 6270365011 | allopolyploidy | This occurs when a hybrid between two species is produced. The hybrid is sterile, but it can reproduce asexually. It then is followed by mistakes in cell division that produces a fertile 3n or 4n organism that cannot breed with either parent species. | 26 | |
| 6270367132 | food preference | This within a population range can lead to divergence and sympatric speciation in animal species. | 27 | |
| 6270367134 | adaptive radiation | This occurs when a species is introduced to a new environment with new selection pressures following colonization or extinction events. This leads to a lot of natural selection occurring all at once, creating numerous and variously adapted species. | 28 | |
| 6270370401 | divergent evolution | Occurs when organisms have evolved new traits in their environments that cause them to phenotypically diverge from a common ancestor (they stop looking like them) through geographic/reproductive barriers (and then selection pressures and then natural selection and then speciation) | 29 | |
| 6270370402 | convergent evolution | Occurs when two populations of genetically dissimilar organisms have evolved similar morphological traits because they are exposed to similar selection pressures (they start to look similar EVEN THOUGH their lineages are vastly different). Both organisms occupy the same type of environment and are subjected to similar selection pressures and therefore may show similar adaptations. | 30 | |
| 6270375261 | co-evolution | This occurs when evolutionary adaptations of one species effects the adaptations of another species and vice versa. (typically seen in predator/prey relationships) | 31 | |
| 6270372449 | parallel evolution | Similar to convergent evolution, however the organisms do not need to occupy the same niche. | 32 | |
| 6270378470 | exaptation | This the term for new structures that arise as existing structures are refined for a new function. | 33 | |
| 6270381641 | embyronic development genes | Changes in these genes can lead to drastic changes in form and can explain macroevolutionary change | 34 |
