Study questions for Veterinarian Technician Anatomy and Physiology
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| 3445581860 | The 5 basic functions of the digestive system | Mastication (chewing), Prehension (grasping), Chemical digestion, Absorption of nutrients, Elimination of wastes |  | 0 |
| 3445581861 | 2 types of muscles found in the digestive tract | Smooth Skeletal | 1 | |
| 3445581862 | The 3 salivary glands are called what? | Parotid Salivary Glands Sublingual Salivary Glands Mandibular Salivary Glands |  | 2 |
| 3445581863 | What is the function of the esophagus? | Conducts swallowed food to the stomach |  | 3 |
| 3445581864 | Toward the center of the body or body part | Deep | 4 | |
| 3445581865 | Away from the medial plane | Lateral | 5 | |
| 3445581866 | Toward the surface of the body or body part | Superficial | 6 | |
| 3445581867 | The top of the head between the ears | Poll |  | 7 |
| 3445581868 | Another name for the hock | Tarsus |  | 8 |
| 3445581869 | Toward the head | Cranial |  | 9 |
| 3445581870 | Toward the tail | Caudal |  | 10 |
| 3445581871 | The trunk of the body | Barrel | 11 | |
| 3445581872 | Equivalent to human knee | Stifle | 12 | |
| 3445581873 | Rostral part of the face | Muzzle |  | 13 |
| 3445581874 | Away from the body | Distal | 14 | |
| 3445581875 | Plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves | Median | 15 | |
| 3445581876 | Ground or rear surface of hind limb | Plantar |  | 16 |
| 3445581877 | Plane parallel to the cranial-caudal midline | Sagittal | 17 | |
| 3445581878 | Toward the backbone | Dorsal | 18 | |
| 3445581879 | Area dorsal to shoulder blades | Withers |  | 19 |
| 3445581880 | Carpus of a horse | Knee |  | 20 |
| 3445581881 | Joint between cannon bone and proximal phalanx of a horse | Fetlock |  | 21 |
| 3445581882 | Toward the belly | Ventral | 22 | |
| 3445581883 | Side of abdomen between last rib and hind leg | Flank |  | 23 |
| 3445581884 | Proximal phalanx area of a horse | Pastern |  | 24 |
| 3445581885 | Dorsal part of the base of the tail | Tailhead |  | 25 |
| 3445581886 | Second vertebra of the neck | Axis |  | 26 |
| 3445581887 | First vertebra of the neck | Atlas |  | 27 |
| 3445581888 | "Knee-cap" | Patella |  | 28 |
| 3445581889 | The vertebrae of the pelvic region | Sacral |  | 29 |
| 3445581890 | A small opening or hole in a bone | Foramen |  | 30 |
| 3445581891 | The small bones in each leg; one on either side of the cannon bone | Splint |  | 31 |
| 3445581892 | Small bones shaped like a cube or marshmallow | Short bones |  | 32 |
| 3445581893 | Lump, bump, or other projection on a bone | Process |  | 33 |
| 3445581894 | Another name for the Ulna | Olecranon |  | 34 |
| 3445581895 | Odd shaped and don't fit into any of the other 3 categories of bones | Irregular bones |  | 35 |
| 3445581896 | Basin-shaped bone structure formed by the pelvic gurdle with the sacrum | Pelvis |  | 36 |
| 3445581897 | Any of the digital bones of the hand or foot | Phalanges |  | 37 |
| 3445581898 | Depressed , sunken area on the surface of a bone | Fossa |  | 38 |
| 3445581899 | The large opening where he spinal cord exits the skull | Foramen magnum |  | 39 |
| 3445581900 | Most of the bones located in the limbs | Long bones |  | 40 |
| 3445581901 | Vertebrae in the abdominal area | Lumbar vertebrae | 41 | |
| 3445581902 | Large, round articular surface such as the distal ends of the femur and humerus | Condyle |  | 42 |
| 3445581903 | Cartilage in the ventral part of the ribs | Costal cartilage |  | 43 |
| 3445581904 | Heavy and dense bone | Compact bones | 44 | |
| 3445581905 | Light and spongy bone | Calcaneus bones | 45 | |
| 3445581906 | Elastic connective tissue found between immoveable bones such as in the skull | Fibrous Joint | 46 | |
| 3445581907 | The head of the femur fits into this socket in the pelvis | Acetabulum |  | 47 |
| 3445581909 | 4 types of tissues that make up an animal's body | Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous | 48 | |
| 3445581910 | Where are Simple squamous epithelium cells found? | Kidney, lasst portion in lungs | 49 | |
| 3445581911 | Where are Simple cuboidal epithelium cells found? | Digestive and Reproductive organs | 50 | |
| 3445581912 | Where are Simple Columnar epithelium cells found? | Ovaries, liver/pancreatic/salivary duct lining | 51 | |
| 3445581913 | Where are Stratified squamous epithelium cells found? | GI tract lining, respiratory tract | 52 | |
| 3445581914 | Where are Stratified squamous epithelium cells found? | Mouth, esophagus, vagina, skin | 53 | |
| 3445581915 | Where are Stratified cuboidal epithelium cells found? | Sweat glands, mammary glands | 54 | |
| 3445581916 | Where are Stratified columnar epithelium cells found? | Parts of the respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts | 55 | |
| 3445581917 | Name the 3 types of muscles | Smooth Cardiac Skeleton | 56 | |
| 3445581918 | 3 phases of hair growth | Anagen Catagen Telogen | 57 | |
| 3445581919 | What digit is the dewclaw? | ONE | 58 | |
| 3445581920 | Define Parietal layer | The lining of the abdominal cavity | 59 | |
| 3445581921 | Define Visceral layer | Layer that lies directly on the outer (parietal) layer | 60 | |
| 3445581922 | Name the 3 cell types | Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts | 61 | |
| 3445581923 | Name the 3 layers of hairy skin | Stratum basale Stratum corneum Stratum spinosum | 62 | |
| 3445581924 | Name the 5 epidermal layers | Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum | 63 | |
| 3445581925 | What causes goose bumps in animals? | The Arrector Pili muscle contracts and pulls the hair into an erect position | 64 | |
| 3445581926 | What is the triangle shaped area in the center plantar region of the hoof called? | Frog | 65 | |
| 3445581927 | The major artery of the systematic circulation that receives blood from the left ventricle | Aorta | 66 | |
| 3445581928 | The externally visible part of an atrium | Auricle | 67 | |
| 3445581929 | A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart | Artery | 68 | |
| 3445581930 | The smallest blood vessel composed of a rolled up tube of simple squamous epithelium | Capillary | 69 | |
| 3445581931 | The point at which aorta turns caudally to go to the abdominal cavity. | Aortic arch | 70 | |
| 3445581932 | Heart chamber that receives blood from the large veins | Atrium | 71 | |
| 3445581933 | Heart valve located between an atrium and a ventricle | Atrioventricular (AV) node | 72 | |
| 3445581934 | A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart | Vein | 73 | |
| 3445581935 | The valve between the right ventricle and right atrium of the heart | Tricuspid valve | 74 | |
| 3445581936 | The natural pace maker of the heart | Sinoatrial (SA) node | 75 | |
| 3445581937 | Branch of the abdominal aorta that carries blood to the kidney | Renal artery and renal vein | 76 | |
| 3445581938 | What is the contracting, pumping phase of a heart chamber called? | Systole | 77 | |
| 3445581939 | What are the vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs called? | Pulmonary vessels | 78 | |
| 3445581940 | This is the thick muscular layer of the heart wall | Myocardium | 79 | |
| 3445581941 | This is the protective outer covering of the heart | Pericardial sac | 80 | |
| 3445581942 | The blood circulation of the lungs is called what? | Pulmonary circulation | 81 | |
| 3445581943 | This is the muscular pump that propels blood to the cells and tissues of the body | The heart | 82 | |
| 3445581944 | The innermost layer of tissue that lines the heart chamber | Endocardium |  | 83 |
| 3445581945 | Large vein that returns blood to the heart from the caudal part of the body | Caudal vena cava | 84 | |
| 3445581946 | Fine, threadlike cord that connect the free edges of the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles in ventricles | Chordae tendineae |  | 85 |
| 3445581947 | What color is arterial blood? Why? | Bright red, because it is oxygen rich | 86 | |
| 3445581948 | What vein runs up the cranial surface of the forelimb below the elbow? | Cephalic | 87 | |
| 3445581949 | What are the 4 main functions of the urinary system? | Maintain water & electrolyte balance Elimination of metabolic waste Regulation of blood pressure Red blood cell production | 88 | |
| 3445581954 | What are the 3 main parts of a sperm? | Head Midpiece Tail | 89 | |
| 3445581955 | Name two conditions that can cause an animal to have urolith production | Urinary tract infection (UTI) Polyuria | 90 | |
| 3445581956 | What part of the bladder is under voluntary control? | Sphincter muscles | 91 | |
| 3445581957 | Which reproductive cell determines the genetic sex of the offspring? | Spermatozoa | 92 | |
| 3445581958 | Name the 2 main functions o the testes | Spermatogenesis Hormone production | 93 | |
| 3445581959 | What are the 3 main parts of the penis? | Body Glans Roots | 94 | |
| 3445581960 | What are the 2 main hormones produced in the ovaries? | Estrogen Progesterone | 95 | |
| 3445581961 | What are the 2 functions of the ovaries? | Produce reproductive cells Produce hormones | 96 | |
| 3445581962 | What are 3 species of induced ovulators? | Cats Rabbits Ferrets | 97 | |
| 3445581963 | How does the fetus benefit from the placenta? | The fetus receives all the nutrients and other substances it needs to grow and develop, and disposes of waste products it produces | 98 | |
| 3445581964 | The cycle continuously at certain times of the year is called | Seasonally polyestrous | 99 | |
| 3445581965 | Having 2 cycles per year | Diestrous | 100 | |
| 3445581966 | Having only one cycle each year | Monoestrous | 101 | |
| 3445581967 | The cycle that is continuously throughout the year if not pregnant | Polyestrous | 102 | |
| 3445581968 | What species is Dietrous? | Dog | 103 | |
| 3445581969 | What species is Monoestrous? | Foxes Minks | 104 | |
| 3445581970 | What species are Polyestrous? | Cattle Swine | 105 | |
| 3445581971 | What species are Seasonally Polyestrous? | Horses Sheep Cats | 106 | |
| 3445581972 | Name the 3 stages of labor | Muscle of the uterus contracts A combo of strong uterine and abdominal muscle contracts Placenta separates from the wall of uterus and is expelled | 107 | |
| 3445581973 | How is colostrum important to the health of a newborn? | The transfer of passive immunity from the mother to the newborn | 108 | |
| 3445581974 | The first part of the bronchial tree after the trachea bifurcates is called what? | Bronchus | 109 | |
| 3445581975 | What is the opening into the larynx, the space between one of true vocal cords and the arytenoid cartilage called? | Glottis | 110 | |
| 3445581976 | The space in the thorax between the lungs that contains the trachea, esophagus, heart, nerves, lymphatic vessels & major blood vessels is called what? | Mediastinum | 111 | |
| 3445581977 | These are the passage ways that conduct air from the nostrils to the pharynx | Nasal passages | 112 | |
| 3445581978 | The thin, dome shaped muscular structure that forms the boundary between thoracic and abdominal cavities | Diaphram | 113 | |
| 3445581979 | This is the point to which the trachea subdivides into two primary bronchi | Bifurcation of the trachea | 114 | |
| 3445581980 | The voice box | Larynx | 115 | |
| 3445581981 | The throat | Pharynx | 116 | |
| 3445581982 | The cartilage of the larynx that projects forward from the ventricle portion of the larynx, otherwise called a "trap door" | Epiglottis | 117 | |
| 3445581983 | The cartilage in the larynx to which the vocal folds attach is called what? | Arytenoid cartilage | 118 | |
| 3445581984 | The clusters of alveoli at the ends of the alveolar ducts arranged like bunches of grapes are located here | Alveolar sacs | 119 | |
| 3445581985 | These are microscopic, thin-walled sacs in the lung surrounded by networks of capillaries | Alveoli | 120 | |
| 3445581986 | What are turbinates? | Skull bones that are part of the internal bones of the face. They are spiral-shaped and thin. | 121 | |
| 3445581987 | What is the part of the nephron that dips into the renal medulla? | Loop of Henle | 122 | |
| 3445581988 | What vein carries purified blood out of the kidney? | Renal vein | 123 | |
| 3445581989 | The first part of the nephron is called what? | Corpuscle | 124 | |
| 3445581990 | The tubular structure that leaves the urinary bladder and carries urine out of the body is called what? | Urethra | 125 | |
| 3445581991 | What is the basic functional unit of the kidney? | Nephron | 126 | |
| 3445581992 | What is the outer portion of the kidney called? | Renal cortex | 127 | |
| 3445581993 | The muscular tube that moves urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is called what? | Ureter | 128 | |
| 3445581994 | What is Reabsorption? | The process by which some substances that were filtered out of the blood in the renal corpuscle, but are still needed in the body, are returned for the tubules of the nephron to the blood in the peritubular capillaries | 129 | |
| 3445581995 | What is Secretion? | The process by which substances that the body needs to eliminate in greater amounts than were filtered in the renal corpuscle are moved from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the tubules of the nephron | 130 | |
| 3445581996 | What is the indented area of the kidney where blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the organ called? | Hilus of the kidney | 131 | |
| 3445581997 | How many ureters are found in a normal urinary system? | Two | 132 | |
| 3445581998 | The 4 general types of stimuli are: | Mechanical (touch) Thermal (hot or cold) Electro magnetic (vision) Chemical (taste) | 133 | |
| 3445581999 | What does proprioception mean? | It is the sense of body position and movement. | 134 | |
| 3445582000 | Nociception is the name for what? | Pain receptors | 135 | |
| 3445582001 | Afferent means what? | Conduct impulses TOWARD CNS (Central Nervous System) | 136 | |
| 3445582002 | Efferent means what? | Conduct impulses AWAY from CNS (Central Nervous System) | 137 | |
| 3445582003 | What does CNS stand for? | Central Nervous System | 138 | |
| 3445582004 | What is the name of the space in front of the iris in the eye? | Anterior chamber | 139 | |
| 3445582005 | Where is the Aqueous compartment of the eye located? | In front of the lens and ciliary body and contains a clear, watery fluid | 140 | |
| 3445582006 | What is the medical term for "the eyeball"? | Bulbar conjunctiva | 141 | |
| 3445582007 | What is the function of the lens of the eye? | It is the window to let light into the cornea | 142 | |
| 3445582008 | Olfactory is the medical term for what? | Sense of smell | 143 | |
| 3445582009 | The colored part of the eye is called what? | Iris | 144 | |
| 3445582010 | What is the white part of the eye called? | Sclera | 145 | |
| 3445582011 | What does the optic nerve do? | It carries visual information to the brain | 146 | |
| 3445582012 | What is the function of the Optic Disc? | Where the nerve fibers on inside surface of the retina all converge | 147 | |
| 3445582013 | What does the Middle Ear do? | Amplifies and transmits the vibrations from the ear drum | 148 | |
| 3445582014 | The outermost bone, slang word "the hammer", that is attached to the tympanic membrane is called what? | Malleus | 149 | |
| 3445582015 | Name some species that are ruminants | Dear Cattle Goats Sheep | 150 | |
| 3445582016 | What are Ruminants? | Herbivores that have multiple stomachs | 151 | |
| 3445582017 | Name some species that are monogastrics | Cats Pigs Rabbits Horses | 152 | |
| 3445582018 | What are Monogastrics? | Carnivores and Omnivores that have only one stomach | 153 | |
| 3445582019 | a Forestomach has how many compartments? | Four | 154 | |
| 3445582020 | What are the names of the compartments a forestomach contains? | Reticulum Rumen Omasum Abomasum | 155 | |
| 3445582021 | The "true stomach" is called what? | Abomasum | 156 | |
| 3445582022 | Define Cecum | A blind-ended pouch from which the ascending colon arises | 157 | |
| 3445582023 | The hindgut of a horse is divided into four sections. Name the sections. | Cecum Ventral colon Dorsal colon Small Colon | 158 | |
| 3445582024 | What is an Herbivore? | Animals that feed on plants and grass | 159 | |
| 3445582025 | What is a Carnivore? | Animals that feed on meat | 160 | |
| 3445582026 | What is an Omnivore? | Animals that feed on both meat and plants/grass | 161 | |
| 3445582027 | What does Buccal mean? | Toward the cheek | 162 | |
| 3445582028 | What are the 4 types of teeth? | Incisors Canines Premolars Molars | 163 | |
| 3445582029 | Name the structures of teeth | Pulp Dentin Cementum Enamel Gingiva | 164 | |
| 3445582030 | What is "Lingual"? | Inner surface of the lower arcade of teeth | 165 | |
| 3445582031 | What are 4 teeth terms? | Lingual Palatal Labial Buccal | 166 | |
| 3445582032 | Name the 2 Digestive enzymes | Lipase Amylase | 167 | |
| 3445582033 | What is "Palatal"? | Inner surface of the upper arcade in mouth | 168 | |
| 3445582034 | What is "Labial"? | Outer surface of the upper and lower arcade at the front of the mouth | 169 | |
| 3445582035 | What does the Sympathetic Nervous System determine? | Fight or Flight | 170 | |
| 3445582036 | What is the Duodenum? | The first short segment of the small intestine that leaves the stomach | 171 | |
| 3445582037 | What is the Jejunum? | The longest part of the small intestine | 172 | |
| 3445582038 | What is the Ileum? | Separated from the colon by ileocecal sphincter | 173 | |
| 3445582039 | What do goblet cells do? | Produce mucus | 174 | |
| 3445582040 | What are the slow movements through the intestines called? | Segmental contractions | 175 | |
| 3445582041 | What are the components of the Large intestine? | Cecum Colon Rectum | 176 | |
| 3445582042 | What are the functions of the liver? | Produce bile-bile acids, cholesterol, bilirubin, Removes toxins that enter the body Stores or metabolizes nutrients absorbed from the GI tract | 177 | |
| 3445582043 | What is the rectum? | Terminal portion of the large intestine | 178 | |
| 3445582044 | What is the anus composed of? | Internal and external muscular sphincters | 179 | |
| 3445582045 | What species have hindgut digestion? | Equine Guinea Pigs Rats Rabbits | 180 | |
| 3445582046 | What does the pancreas produce? | Insulin and glucagon Amylase Proteases Lipase | 181 | |
| 3445582047 | Name the 4 structures of the digestive tract | Mucosa Submucosa Muscle layer Serosa | 182 | |
| 3445582048 | What is the name of the sense of taste? | Gustatory sense | 183 | |
| 3445582049 | What is the name of the sense of hearing? | Auditory sense | 184 | |
| 3445582050 | What does the Equilibrium do? | Helps maintain balance by keeping track of the position and movements of the head | 185 | |
| 3445582051 | What are hormones? | Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and secreted directly into blood vessels | 186 | |
| 3445582052 | The upper and lower folds of skin lined by the thin, moist conjunctiva of the eye is called what? | Eyelids | 187 | |
| 3445582053 | What produces a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing onto the face? | Tarsal glands | 188 | |
| 3445582054 | What does Prolactin do? | Helps trigger and maintain lactation (supply and demand) | 189 | |
| 3445582055 | What does TSH stand for? | Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone | 190 | |
| 3445582056 | What stimulates the Pituitary Gland? | The Hypothalamus | 191 | |
| 3445582057 | What do the ovaries produce? | Ova and hormones in cycles | 192 | |
| 3445582058 | What is the purpose of the Placenta? | Surrounds a developing fetus during pregnancy | 193 | |
| 3445582059 | What is prostate? | A gland within the male reproductive system located just below the bladder | 194 |
